WHOLE VOL. THE WEST INDIES VAZQUEZ DE ESPINOSA 615 



1632. Adjoining the preceding is the Province of Los Pacajes, 

 which is one of the best in Peru, with large llama ranches, among 

 the best in that Kingdom. It has large villages, such as Huarina, 

 where Gonzalo Pizarro gave battle to Diego Centeno, and through 

 the skill of his Militia Captain Carvajal defeated and overthrew 

 him ; Cayaviri, Mallama, and, near the heights of Tacna and Arica, 

 the villages of Calacoto, Caquingora, Callapa, Julioma, Curaguara, 

 and others. At this point it is bounded on the W. by the plains and 

 valleys of Locumba, Sama, and Tacna of the Diocese of Arequipa; 

 on the S., by the Province of Los Carangas ; to the ESE., by the 

 Provinces of Paria, the Cochabamba Valley, and others. It is all 

 cold country like the preceding ; and besides the tame cattle, the 

 frozen deserts are traversed by great troops of guanacos, vicunas 

 and ostriches, vizcachas, and other animals and birds. They get corn 

 and other foodstuffs from the hot valleys and the plains. The province 

 is very rich ; like the others, it contains great tombs of the ancients, 

 and since the country is usually cold and the winds keen and pure, 

 the bodies are preserved without decay. The Viceroy appoints a 

 Corregidor in this province for its wise government and the dispensing 

 of justice. This is what is comprised within the district of the Diocese 

 of La Paz ; it borders on the Archbishopric of the Charcas. 



Chapter IV 



Of the Province of Paria in the District of the Archdiocese of the 

 Charcas. 



1633. The Province of Paria adjoins those just described, of Los 

 Pacajes and Calacoto. It is flat country with a few low ridges, and 

 contains in its district large villages, like Caponota, Toledo, Challa- 

 collo, Aullagas and others not necessary to enumerate. It contains 

 large ranches of llamas, sheep, and swine, in such quantities that 

 the Indian communities in the villages of this province have an 

 Administrator appointed by the Viceroy at an excellent salary, as 

 he does in other provinces below Lima, Conchucos, and others, and 

 in the territory of Quito, woolen-mill inspectors ; there are many 

 such positions filled by the Viceroy. 



1634. In this Province of Paria on the plains along the banks of 

 the large river, Outlet (Desaguadero) of the great Lake of Chucuito, 

 and on other smaller ones connected with it, there are great flocks 

 and ranches of llamas and sheep which they water there. On what 

 they call the Paria bank they make large quantities of sheep's-milk 

 cheeses, which are the best in all the Kingdom ; these are exported, 



