WHOLE VOL. THE WEST INDIES — VAZQUEZ DE ESPINOSA 619 



wealthy hospital run by the Brethren of San Juan de Dios. The 

 Viceroy appoints a Corregidor for this town and valley for the 

 administration of justice. There are other villages in the valley, 

 with farms and gardens and their homes on them, where they have 

 Negroes and Yanacona Indians, with yokes of oxen for the plowing 

 and cultivation. They raise quantities of corn, wheat, and other 

 Spanish and native cereals ; it is irrigated by channels running from 

 the river. Their chief crop is in August, the coldest period in that 

 country, although the climate is temperate. They harvest such quan- 

 tities of wheat, corn, etc., that this valley supplies the mines of Potosi 

 and Oruro, which is 30 leagues away, all the adjoining provinces 

 and Chuquiabo ; there is such abundance that merely the wheat and 

 corn crops bring in to this valley from the points mentioned above, 

 over a million 8-real pesos every year. 



1640. The farms in this valley under cultivation are very large, 

 the soil being good and rich ; many of them are worth 40,000, 50,000, 

 or even 80,000 pesos. Spanish fruit does well — large and small 

 peaches, apples, pippins, pears, quinces, figs ; they have excellent 

 strawberries and other native fruit, and all sorts of Spanish vegetables. 

 This valley is bounded to the E. by the very rough sierras and moun- 

 tain peaks of the Andes, in which live countless heathen tribes. There 

 are in this valley three other fine villages : Santiago del Pago, Sipesipe 

 and Tiquipaya, where there are excellent salubrious hot springs in 

 which many invalids take the baths to recover their health. 



1641. Two leagues from this valley is that of Sacaba, equally 

 temperate and fertile, and producing large amounts of corn and 

 wheat. Five leagues farther is the Cliza Valley, which is full of 

 farms, wheat and corn fields, and vineyards. These both belong to 

 the Corregimiento of Cochabamba. In that quarter it is bounded 

 by the Pocona Valley, which is in the district of the Diocese and 

 Corregimiento of Misque. 



1642. W. of Cochabamba on the Oruro highway lies the village 

 of Capinota, lo leagues from Cochabamba, but in its district. It is 

 a large village with many Indians, and an Augustinian curacy ; it 

 has a fine vineyard, from which they make quantities of wine. The 

 Padre in this curacy gives the Lima Augustinian convent 4,000 pesos 

 every year to help in the building operations of the convent and 

 college. Leaving Capinota on the way to Oruro, one enters imme- 

 diately a ravine threaded by the river with its endless windings ; here 

 stand the mills which they call Arque, where they grind all the 

 wheat and corn of the district of Cochabamba ; they call the corn 

 meal vilcaparo. Next come the Berenguela mines, which belong in 



