WHOLE VOL. THE WEST INDIES VAZQUEZ DE ESPINOSA 655 



and Confraternity head, and on hospital income, all of which brings 

 in annually 5,000 current pesos. Furthermore, from the Arch- 

 bishopric's tithes the half of a ninth and a half, which at present 

 amounts to over 5,000 pesos, the tithes having greatly increased. 

 It gets also a tax on the incomes of the residents of the city, which 

 produces 300 pesos, so that at present, as reckoned above, its revenues 

 come to 10,300 pesos a year. With this money the collegians and 

 seminarians are fed and lodged from the age of 18 to 25 ; they study 

 Latin in the Jesuit College, and Arts and Theology in the Dominican, 

 Franciscan, and other convents. The seminarians wear dark gray 

 gowns with black cloth mangas, with scarlet caps and sashes. They 

 go by fours to the Metropolitan Church weekdays, and on feast days 

 all together. It is imperative that a university should be established 

 here. 



The Indians living in this city speak the Quichua language, which 

 is the lingua franca of the Incas ; others speak Aymara, and others 

 Puquina, each according to his origin ; there are also other special 

 dialects in other villages. 



1711. The general occupation of the residents of this city is farm- 

 ing and cattle raising, and transporting supplies to the town of Potosi 

 and bringing back from there merchandise and other commodities 

 lacking in this city, and in the native cloth business for Indian men 

 and women; this is in sashes (fajas) with which they swathe their 

 waists, and which are called chumbes, and in a sort of footwear 

 made out of colored wool, like yoke pads (rollos), with bowknots 

 (lazadas) fastening them to rawhide soles; the Indians call this kind 

 of footgear ojotas. They sell wool dyed in different colors, and 

 bricks (panecillos) of wild cochineal with which the Indians make 

 varicolored dyes by combining it with various plants they use for 

 that purpose. They sell also wooden vessels stippled in different 

 colors and called queros, in which the Indians drink their chicha 

 beverage, and many other native products, as well as Spanish mer- 

 chandise, with which this city is very well supplied, and which make 

 its residents very prosperous. 



1712. To the E. this city has 25 leagues of settled country, up to 

 the towns of Tomina and San Juan de Rodas ; then comes the Cor- 

 dillera of the Chiriguanaes Indians and other countless tribes over 

 to the Atlantic, more than 800 leagues of mountains and mighty 

 rivers. To the W., the Pacific is 100 leagues distant. On the S. there 

 are 36 leagues of settled country of varying climates, and from there 

 on, the territory of Tucuman, up to the wildernesses of the Kingdoms 

 of Chile. To the N. it has 40 leagues of settled country, up to the 



