WHOLE VOL. THE WEST INDIES — VAZQUEZ DE ESPINOSA 67I 



and since its eruption it has been casting out and still ejects large 

 amounts of stone and very ill-smelling gas and black slime. Between 

 the volcano and the city of San Salvador de Jujuy there are some 

 large rivers which flow with great turbulence, like the one running 

 through the Omaguaca Valley ; that from the volcano ; the Rio de 

 Leon, which is very pleasant and attractive ; the Rio de Los Reyes, 

 and the Rio de Tobar, which run within a district of 3 leagues. 

 Between this Omaguaca Valley and the city of Jujuy there is great 

 abundance of deer ; ostriches ; partridges as large as hens, and also 

 like the Spanish ones ; the ones have red beaks and feet, the others, 

 dark gray ; and many other animals and birds which cover the plains. 



1765. The city of San Salvador de Jujuy stands at 23°3o' S. in a 

 broad, level, and pleasant valley on some bluffs over the river running 

 close to the city ; another river flows on the other side, and they unite 

 in front of the city. It will have 100 Spanish residents, mostly 

 muleteers, who freight flour, corn, cheese, and other foodstuffs to 

 the Chichas and Lipes mines ; they have mule and cattle ranches, 

 and drive their stock to Potosi. There is a parish church here, and 

 Franciscan and Mercedarian convents. It has a few settlements 

 or parishes of Indians, apportioned to the residents of the city. 

 To the N. and S. it is bounded by large heathen provinces. At this 

 city the rough country ends and the great plains of the Tucuman 

 provinces begin ; they surround it for more than 1,500 leagues. Carts 

 drawn by yokes of oxen travel from here as far as Buenos Ayres 

 and Paraguay, which is over 400 leagues. 



1766. From Jujuy en route for the city of Esteco, one reaches 

 the Rio de Perico at 5 leagues ; then the road passes through flat 

 country which is wooded, hot, and damp, for 5 leagues more to the city 

 of Salta la Nueva, otherwise known as Lerma, with a few Spanish 

 residents ; Salta la Vieja is 2 leagues away. On leaving Salta for 

 the city of Esteco, one crosses two large rivers, one of which is near 

 the city ; a league beyond this is another called the Rio de Siancas ; 

 on this stretch there are very fierce and crafty tigers. On coming 

 out of the woods, one arrives at the Urefia ranch ; round about it 

 are a few small settlements. Two leagues before reaching the city 

 there is a large and rapid river to cross, called Rio del Pasaje ; two 

 other small rivers have to be crossed between this and the city. On 

 this journey of 33 leagues between the city of Jujuy and that of 

 Esteco, there are countless wild cattle and game. 



1767. The city of Nuestra Senora de Talavera de Madrid, in the 

 Indian language Esteco, is at 27° S. ; it has a hot, damp cHmate, 

 which generates countless unpleasant creatures. There was another 



