WHOLE VOL. THE WEST INDIES VAZQUEZ DE ESPINOSA 679 



parishes. In the majority of these there is much cotton, and they 

 use this and wool for the manufacture of coarse cloth (sayales), 

 serge (jerguetas), high-grade cloth (lienzo), hats, blankets, and other 

 textiles for Indian wear. 



1785. The river running by the city has many kinds of delicious 

 fish, such as mojarras, bagres, shad (sabalos), dentudos, and others. 

 The sierra begins some 2 leagues from the city ; in it there are many 

 valleys with other parishes, where they raise much wheat, corn, and 

 other cereals and vegetables ; there are silver mines ; it abounds in 

 everything. On all those plains and pampas there are many stray 

 horses and mares, guanacos, and deer in such numbers that they 

 cover the earth ; these latter have very good bezoar stones ; many 

 ostriches, partridges, quail, pigeons, doves, armadillos (quirquinchus), 

 and so many other animals and birds that it would be an endless 

 task to catalog them. 



Chapter XXXIX [29] 



Of the Boundaries of the Diocese and State of Tucuman. 



1786. The State of Tucuman is bounded on the [W.] N. by the 

 Province of Los Chichas in the Archdiocese of the Charcas ; in that 

 quarter it begins with the Omaguaca Valley. On the W. it borders 

 on the Kingdom of Chile, although there are large heathen provinces 

 in between the two Kingdoms, still to be subdued. On the ENE. it 

 is bounded by the Rio Bermejo, the city of Asuncion, and the 

 Provinces of Paraguay, and on the S., by the provinces and tribes 

 which are yet to be conquered, down to the Straits. From NE. to 

 SW. it is nearly 300 leagues long and in some parts 100 leagues wide, 

 in others less. In this Diocese and State there are eight cities estab- 

 lished : Santiago del Estero, called Trapalanda in the Indian lan- 

 guage, and the capital of that kingdom ; to the NW., the cities of 

 Esteco and Jujuy. where the Rio Bermejo rises ; it is joined by 

 many other large streams running between the volcano and Esteco, 

 and still others, so that it is a mighty river when it enters the Rio 

 de la Plata, which it swells considerably. The other cities are San 

 Miguel, La Rioja, and Cordoba. 



1787. The city of Salta or Lerma lies between Jujuy and Esteco ; 

 it has only a few residents although it is rich in fertile land and 

 lovely valleys plentifully watered. In its neighborhood are also the 

 Calchaqui Valley, the villages of Casabindo, Sococha, Cochinca, 

 Moreta, and the tribe of the Apamatas and other large heathen 

 provinces. If the few Spaniards there could find it possible to 



