728 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 102 



appoints a Corregidor for the good administration of justice in this 

 city. The city has in its outer district a Httle over 300 Indians. Near 

 Coquimbo is the Limari Valley, where there are vineyards and olive 

 groves and they raise wheat, corn, potatoes, and other cereals and 

 root crops. 



1924. From La Serena S. to the city of Santiago it is 70 leagues, 

 all covered with farms and cattle and sheep ranches, and with valleys 

 abounding in vineyards, olive groves, fields of corn and wheat, and 

 all kinds of Spanish fruit. In the La Ligua Valley they plant and 

 harvest quantities of hemp; Guana is in the district of the city of 

 La Serena, with other villages round about. The Governor appoints 

 a Corregidor in La Ligua to administer justice. 



1925. The Quillota Valley, called also Chile, from which the whole 

 Kingdom takes its name, had very rich gold mines worked by Gov. 

 Pedro de Valdivia and from which he gained great wealth. It lies 

 near the sea close to the port of Valparaiso, which is the chief port 

 of the city of Santiago. In this valley they raise quantities of hemp 

 and some flax ; the hemp is sold to make rope for the army main- 

 tained by His Majesty in that Kingdom, and rigging for the ships 

 on the Pacific ; it is transported to Callao near Lima. In the year 

 1614, when Licentiate Machado, Justice of the Circuit Court of 

 Chile, inspected that Kingdom, they handled 1,270 quintals; each 

 quintal was worth 100 reals in the raw (en bianco). At present they 

 raise more, for it grows well, there is a demand for it, and it pays 

 well. Flax does well also, but it is not much grown. 



Chapter II 



Of the City of Santiago de Chile, Its Founding, and Other Matters 

 in Its District. 



1926. The city of Santiago de Chile was founded and colonized 

 by Gov. Pedro de Valdivia on January 24, 1541 ; it was the first 

 established in the Kingdom, its court city and capital. It lies on a 

 plain beside the Rio Mapocho, 18 leagues from the port of Val- 

 paraiso, and 5 from the snow-clad Cordillera to its E. ; on that quarter 

 there is a ridge called Santa Lucia which provides it with some 

 shelter; it is at 33° S. The city is liable to be inundated when the 

 river comes down in flood, but they have given it some protection 

 with palisades and embankments. It covers the area of a very large 

 city, for all the houses occupy large plots with gardens and orchards 

 on them. In the year 1614 it was 14 blocks long E. and W. along 

 the river bank, and 6 across from N. to S. ; they have kept building 



