'J2i2. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I02 



penters, 124; tanners, 100; tailors, 33; shoemakers, 81 ; silk weavers, 

 3; ropemakers for rigging, 2; masons, 30; blacksmiths, 7; water- jar 

 makers, 19; stonecutters, 6; house painters, 4; they all lived and 

 resided in the outer wards of the city of Santiago ; the artisans alone 

 numbered 409. 



Round about the city there were 102 chacras, of wheat, corn, 

 chickpeas, lentils, kidney beans, and other cereals and vegetables ; 

 there were some carts (carretas) which brought wood into the city 

 and transported merchandise from the port and did all else necessary 

 in the city service. In the city and on the chacras and ranches there 

 are 41 tanneries in which every year they tan over 30,000 pieces of 

 cordovan leather, and some hides for soles. On the river bank and 

 on the chacras and ranches of the district there are 39 gristmills for 

 wheat, and 3 woolen mills in which they work up and turn out every 

 year over 14,000 varas of coarse cloth and grograms and more than 

 500 blankets. 



Chapter IV 



Continuing the Description of the Preceding Subject. 



1935. Besides the above there were 354 farms — cattle ranches, 

 corn, wheat, and other cereals ; on them there were some Beliches 

 Indians and 2,162 Yanaconas — part of them from the upcountry 

 cities abandoned because of the rebellion of the Indians in that 

 Kingdom, and others from elsewhere. These Indians are civilized 

 (Ladinos) ; because their villages and natural surroundings are un- 

 congenial, or because they are escaping from troubles they might 

 have at home, or because they are wanderers, they bring themselves 

 to enter the Spaniards' service. They are assigned (repartidos) to 

 these farms, with their wives and children, 4, 6, or more to each, 

 just as they would naturally settle; normally they live there and 

 cultivate their own gardens and fields for their necessities, in addition 

 to what the masters they serve give them in clothing, cash, or food. 



On the majority of the farms there are superintendents (mayor- 

 domos), Spanish soldiers or mestizos, the sons of Spaniards and 

 Indian women, or mulattoes or free Negroes. These keep track of 

 the figures for the sowing and the harvest, and see that the people 

 work and do all else necessary. On all the farms and ranches in the 

 Indies, of any importance, they are to be found and have excellent 

 salaries, according to the size of the establishment. In this Kingdom 

 most are paid one-fourth of the products of the soil and of the stock 

 bred ; some are paid less, for there is every sort of system. 



1 



