750 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 102 



to the sea. From Cape Isla to the island of Nuestra Seiiora, which 

 is near the mainland, the coast runs SSW. 



1985. From the island of Nuestra Senora to Cape Gallego, which 

 is at 46°, it is 25 leagues, and 12 more along a coast running S., to 

 San Esteban. From there it is 6 to San Andres, and 8 more to 

 Ochavario, which is at 47°, along the same course. From there it is 

 10 leagues to the Nuestra Senora Valley, and then 18 to the harbors 

 and coves of Hernando Gallego, which is at 49°. From there it is 

 15 to the Bay of San Guillen ; then 6 to Punta Delgada, which is at 

 50°. Then follow immediately the ports of Los Reyes and Los 

 Inocentes ; farther on, the Cape of San Augustin, and close beyond, 

 that of Santa Catalina, at 5i°4o'. Nearby is the port of San Amaro, 

 and farther on, the Bay of San Vitoriano, at 52°3o'. This lies among 

 lofty islands, some of them snow-capped ; at the southern point of 

 the bay there are three small islands forming a triangle, which are 

 a certain indication of the mouth of the Straits; the day is 17 hours 

 long there. At the mouth of the Straits there are four islands to 

 the N., which they call the Evangelistas. After passing the mouth 

 of the Straits there are 12 small islands hugging the shore, between 

 53° and 54°, which they call the 12 Apostoles. If one enters the 

 Straits of Magellan, there is more than 70 leagues of the strait ; the 

 point farthest S. is at 54° ; up to that point it is narrowest, coming 

 from the Pacific ; it will be i or 2 leagues wide ; then it widens. 



Chapter XV 



How Gov. Pedro de Valdivia Explored and Subdued the Provinces 

 of Chile, and How It Was Governed. 



1986. Now that I have described the Kingdom of Chile and the 

 other subjects of the preceding chapters, it will be well for greater 

 clarity and precision, to tell how it was subdued. I would therefore 

 say that Marques Don Francisco Pizarro conferred the governorship 

 and the exploration of the Kingdom of Chile upon Pedro de Valdivia, 

 in return for his valuable aid in his campaigns and because he was 

 one of the best and most experienced soldiers who had come over 

 to those realms. 



1987. In the year 1540 he got together 150 Spanish soldiers in 

 the Province of the Charcas, where he was a resident encomendero ; 

 and leaving his home and the Indians he possessed in the Charcas, 

 he left there and crossed the Provinces of Los Lipes and Atacama, 

 which is the last in Peru. After he had passed its deserts he reached 

 the Copiapo Valley ; in the native Indian language that means tur- 



