WHOLE VOL. PREFACE XIU 



pendix A) for pronunciation. Since the Araucanian language adds 

 no "s" to form the plural, none is added here unless the word has 

 been adopted into the Spanish language. 



The word "primitive" is not used in this study, as the Araucanians 

 do not consider themselves primitives. Nor is the word "Indians" 

 used ; to the Araucanians it is a humiliating term, used by Spaniards, 

 Chileans, and Argentines in the days of conquest in Argentina and of 

 attempted conquest in Chile. In Chile, the Araucanians speak of 

 themselves as Mapuche ; in Argentina, as manzaneros or paisanos. I 

 speak of them in the terms of the literature, namely as Araucanians. 



Unless otherwise indicated, the illustrations are from photographs 

 taken by me in the field. 



The official exchange of currency in Chile in 1946-1947 was 30 

 pesos for an American dollar. 



The data for Part I were collected by the writer and Margaret 

 Mondloch, her field assistant, while in residence among the Arauca- 

 nians in Chile from November 1946 to April 1947. 



Araucanians were interviewed in areas designated as more con- 

 servative than others by Monsignor Guido Beck (Vicar Apostolic of 

 the Araucania) after he had conferred with fellow Capuchin mis- 

 sionaries of all areas occupied by these people. Monsignor Beck had 

 spent 40 years among the Araucanians ; the other missionaries, 10 to 

 50 years. The areas selected were Alepue on the Coastal Range and 

 Cofiaripe in the Andes, both in the Province of Valdivia ; and Lican 

 in the lowlands of the river Tolten in the Province of Cautin (cf. 

 fig. I ) . Alepue was reached on horseback ; Cofiaripe, by boat across 

 Lake Calafquen. Since time did not permit a visit to Lican, informants 

 from Lican were interviewed with those in the Boroa area en route 

 to Lican. The area about PanguipuUi (a Chilean lake port on Lake 

 PanguipuUi, en route to Argentina) was included because Father 

 Sigifredo Frauenhausl (Capuchin missionary among the Araucanians 

 for 50 years) had interested Domingo Huenun in our study. Huenun 

 was an Araucanian who could not well be bypassed without dis- 

 courtesy — fortunately so, as we soon learned, as he was one of our 

 best informants in the Chilean study and later a reliable source when 

 checking information collected among the Argentine Araucanians 

 (1951-1952) ; he was intelligent, accurate, truthful, most informative, 

 and proud of the culture of his people. He and Father Sigifredo had 

 assisted Father Felix Jose de Augusta in the compilation of the latter's 

 2-volume Diccionario (1916), where his name is given as Domingo 

 Huenufiamco (vol. i, p. xiv). Research, therefore, was not new to 

 him. 



