38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I33 



occasions a mother may ask to change the name of a daughter to that 

 of a relative. 



Names are very rarely changed today since they are now entered 

 on official records, which are often consulted because of inheritance 

 rights to property. Should an Araucanian wish to change his name, 

 he may do so in a Chilean Government office. "The Matias family 

 did so ; its name was Calf in, a real Mapuche name. Some of the Calf in 

 men went to Valdivia to do so ; they could have done so in San Jose 

 de Mariquina, also. A Mapuche who changes his name to a Chilean 

 one does not lose his identity, however, for he and all his family are 

 easily distinguished as Mapuche; we have a physique different from 

 the Chileans." 



The origin of names was not known to informants ; none had heard 

 that they originated in dreams — unless it was the machi's — or in un- 

 usual circumstances or observations made in connection with stones, 

 birds, or similar objects. No informant had heard that names origi- 

 nated in a kinship system known as the kuga (cuga, ciiga, cunga; also 

 elpa; Cooper, 1946, p. 722) or the kunpem, a naming system (Felix 

 Jose, 1907, p. 38). 



It appears that for each machi a new name is formulated, possibly 

 one that is dreamed. (See p. 112.) A machi's name is never trans- 

 ferred to any other person. The most noted machi in an area bestows 

 the name on a newly created machi. The following names of deceased 

 machi were used exclusively by one machi : By men machi, Kumilican 

 (half red stone) ; Rayenlican (flower of stone) ; Chaipulican ( ?) ; 

 Foiquelican (canelo stone). By women machi, Llaijkiinagpai (what 

 falls from above) ; Pinsarayen (hummingbird waterfall) ; Pinsatrayen 

 (brook of hummingbird) ; Llanquihuirin (lightning that strikes 

 down) ; Huirinagpai (came down from above in the form of light- 

 ning) . 



All informants were agreed that within their experience names 

 given to children were those that already existed and were nearly 

 always those of deceased relatives. "Even today a child is rarely given 

 a name that has not been in the relationship over a long period of 

 time," said an Alepiie man. "I gave the names to my children," said 

 a PanguipuUi man ; "I named my oldest boy Lotjkon after my father 

 who had been named Loqkon after his grandfather whose name was 

 Lor)kofianco — my father dropped anco. My father never had a 

 Christian name." 



Informants listened with interest to the explanation of the kuga, 

 a naming system that denoted or connoted kinship, and in which male 

 children, shortly after birth, were usually given a name compounded 



