40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 1 33 



with the kunpem. "Else, why was my father's father's name Nekoleo, 

 my father's name Willafiamco, and my name Paillalaf ken ?" 



Feminine names are distinctly different from masculine. Neither 

 prefixes nor suffixes indicate gender. Women's names have no rela- 

 tionship to the kunpem. Some names, both feminine and masculine, 

 lend themselves to translation ; others do not. Feminine names that 

 have meanings are Llanquirai (witchcraft stone with flower), Lefnoi 

 (running), Pinsha (hummingbird), Hualtuipan (enclosed lion). 

 Feminine names that do not lend themselves to translation are 

 Pashmei, Llefllai, Pinshoria. "Clearly, anyone seeing these names will 

 know that they are feminine names ; they have the sense of femininity 

 in them." According to Cooper's sources (1946, p. 7ZZ)^ the name 

 of a female child could not be mentioned lest it die. Informants of 

 the present study had not heard of this custom. 



The following names are those of parents of the first 10 persons 

 baptized at Mision de Panguipulli in 1903 and whose names are re- 

 corded in its Libro de Bautismos de Indigenas (Anonymous, 1930, 

 vol. I, pp. 1-3). The first name in each pair is the father's; the 

 second, the mother's : Huichaman and Calf ucan ; Aburto and Nahuel ; 

 Calificura and Aylliupan; Huilipan and Manquil; Lefiniam and 

 Huentesh ; Lefiniam and Pluentesh ; Malupan and Nahuel ; Truitrui 

 and Ancaleu ; Truitrui and Puelpan ; Ancaleu and Nehiguir. The fol- 

 lowing pairs of given names (surnames omitted) are those of the 

 parents of the last 10 children baptized in 1947 : Hucilla and 

 Huenuiiamco ; Sandoval and Aillapan ; Lloncoiiamco and Leuf uman ; 

 Antiao and Pichilef ; Namuncura and Ancoli ; Caqulef and Calter ; 

 Huaiquipan and Calupan ; Trafinamco and Melinao ; Colipan and 

 Canucul; Amonao and Canucal, It is interesting to note that each 

 parent has an Araucanian name recorded as a surname ; in 1903 no 

 parent had a surname. Nearly all the given names of parents are 

 Araucanian; those of children are Christian, 



SURNAMES 



As noted previously, Araucanians had no surnames in the early 

 days. Surnames were introduced by the Capuchin Fathers in order 

 to make baptismal records permanent files to which Araucanians could 

 refer in later years. The Fathers were certain that in due time the 

 Araucanians would come under Chilean law regarding land and in- 

 heritance and that accurate information as to dates of births and to 

 parentage would then be essential. This has proved to be true. 



In more recent years, too, teachers have had to give surnames of 



