WHOLE VOL. ARAUCANIAN CHILD LIFE — HILGER 223 



He then makes a duplicate and soaks both in water. When they are 

 soft, he places a foot on each, brings the edge over the foot by pulling 

 up the lacing, which he ties in a knot over the toes, and goes about his 

 work. "The dried tranu are then like a fitted shoe," remarked the 

 interpreter. Sometimes a sole of wood is inserted ; temu is preferred 

 for this because of its flexibility. 



Today, clothing of preschool and school-age boys consists of knee- 

 length pants, shirt, and sweater or coat, and usually a poncho. (Pis. 5 ; 

 y, 2; S; g, i; II, I, s; 12.) Boys' pants are usually made of new 

 cloth bought in Chilean stores ; occasionally they are made from a 

 piece of chamall or a man's worn pants, but usually a man's pants are 

 mended until they finally fall apart. Men do their own sewing by 

 hand. Women or older girls do the knitting. A small boy's pants are 

 sometimes knitted from yarn ; so are sweaters. Shirts and coats are 

 either bought in stores or made from worn ones of men. In Conaripe 

 nearly every boy between 2 and 11 years of age wore a sleeveless, 

 short-legged coverall knitted of homespun yarn of a natural brown 

 color, or dyed a deeper brown. It was usually knitted by the mother 

 or an older sister — occasionally by the boy himself. Knitting was 

 introduced by non-Araucanian teachers in recent years. Ponchos were 

 woven of yarn. 



In general boys were barefoot ; an occasional one in Cofiaripe area 

 wore ojotas to school. Any boy wearing shoes gives evidence thereby 

 that his parents are people of means. A fond aunt who could not 

 afford shoes put stockings on her little nephew when his picture was 

 about to be taken (pi. 4, 2), as stockings give greater prestige than 

 do bare feet. Hats, too, were a sign of a standard of living higher 

 than mere necessities. More hats than shoes were seen on boys in all 

 areas. Boys who had hats wore them at fiestas, when going to town 

 or to church services, when bringing messages or mail to the writer, 

 when having a picture taken, and occasionally at school. Younger 

 boys wore knitted berets (pi. 8, i). A 2-year-old Conaripe area boy 

 wore a cap, "because the sun shining on his head makes him sick," 

 said his 19-year-old sister. 



Regarding women's clothing and accessories the 70-year-old 

 Panguipulli man said the following articles were the customary ones 

 when he was a child : a kgpam (dress, homewoven of black yarn) ; 

 an ikiilla or ikalla (shawl woven of black yarn) ; a trariiwe (belt) ; 

 two akucha (stickpins), one used in pinning the dress and the other 

 the shawl; a trariiloqko (headband of silver medallions) or a 

 Ibflbfqatrowe (headband ornamented with little silver studs) or an 

 undecorated woven band — all worn to keep the hair from the face ; and 



