262 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, I33 



people with him and fled to Chile. Later he moved his people back 

 across the Cordillera and settled them in what today is called Trumpul. 

 When one goes to a place where one is not born and accustoms him- 

 self to that place and likes it there, he is said to be hiimke. We say 

 that of ourselves here in Argentina today. But that is not because 

 we were once in Chile and are now in Argentina ; it is because we do 

 not live where we were born. I see no value in anyone wanting to 

 know where we came from !" 



Domingo Huenun (70 years old), Chilean Araucanian of Pangui- 

 pulli, had heard old people say when he himself was still young that 

 there had always been Araucanians on both sides of the Andes; in 

 fact, they had never thought of the Andes as separating them. "That 

 came only after they drew the boundary line between Chile and Argen- 

 tina," he added. These same old people spoke of the many passes 

 over the Andes, along the shores of lakes and rivers, and said that they 

 had always existed ; that some of them were being used by Chileans 

 today. These passes were traveled on foot or on horseback. Such 

 passes used by Chileans today, he noted, were one from Panguipulli 

 to Reihueco to Carango and into the Cordillera ; one from Villarrica 

 to Pucon to Trancura (over the Divide) to Lanin and Huechulafquen ; 

 another from Calafquen to Cofiaripe to Pelaifa to Carriringue (over 

 the Divide) to Paimun; another by way of Pilmaiquen, "which is in 

 the south of Chile and is now a well-built public road to Argentina." 

 Emederio 55^amkeful, an Argentine Araucanian, told of another pass 

 between Villarrica and Argentina which led in Argentina from Malleo 

 to Mallin Grande to Adraiko to Aukapan to Chinquilihuen, and then 

 across the Divide into Chile. 



Domingo Huenun also pointed out that some Araucanian names 

 had always been known as Argentine Araucanian names and others 

 as Chilean Araucanian. He looked at the Argentine list of informants 

 (in 1952) and remarked that Cheokipan was such an Argentine name ; 

 and that Cayun, Namunkura, Kolupan, Quinchawal, Lefin, and 

 ffamkeful were Chilean names. 



A historic event often referred to by Argentine Araucanian in- 

 formants is the final conquest of the Araucanians by the Argentine 

 army in the 1879 campaign of General Roca. It is spoken of as the 

 great attack upon them or the great malon, a malon being defined as 

 a surprise attack by either Whites or Indians in which men were 

 massacred, women and children kidnaped, and animals stolen. The 

 period following 1879 is spoken of as "when the military settled here," 

 or "when the barracks were established here," or "after the soldiers 

 took over." 



