WHOLE VOL. ARAUCANIAN CHILD LIFE — HILGER 317 



MUSIC, DANCES, SONGS 



Traditional musical instruments were the kultrur), the trutruka, the 

 pifalka, the tupulwe, the pioko, the piloilo, and the chollol ; the trala- 

 trala has been added to these since the introduction of the horse ; and 

 in still more recent years, the jew's-harp and the guitar also. 



A kultrur) is a kettledrum-type instrument (pi. 70, j, 4). It is made 

 by stretching a circular piece of well-scraped hide of young horse or 

 female goat over the opening of a wooden bowl — one hollowed out 

 of a tree-trunk section. Sheep hide must not be used since it tears 

 easily. The horsehide of a kultrur) in the collections of Parque Na- 

 cional de Lanin is kept taut by lacings that are passed through holes 

 cut along the edge of the hide. These lacings are about 5 inches from 

 the rim of the bowl. The diameters of the bowl are 12 inches at the 

 opening and 5 inches at the base. The handle is of rawhide of horse, 

 wound about with several layers of green yarn. Its drumstick — only 

 one is used — is a piece of shaved-down wood, 14 inches long and ^ 

 inch in diameter. The 5 inches at the end used in beating the kultrut] 

 are bare ; the remainder wound about alternately, in 3-inch stretches, 

 with blue and white yarn. The paruntun, one of the sacred dances of 

 the rjillatun, is performed to the rhythm of the kultrur). Generally 

 the machi beats the kultrur), but the cacique is known to have done 

 so, also. 



The trutruka, a wind instrument (pi. 70, i, 2), is made by drawing 

 fresh intestine of horse or cow over a colihiie stalk varying in length 

 from 9 to 12 feet. After the intestine is dry, approximately 7 inches 

 of the wide section of the horn of a cow or an ox is inserted at one 

 end of the colihiie to spread the sound, and a mouthpiece of wood at 

 the other end. The loqkomeo, another dance of the qillatun, is per- 

 formed to the tune of three or four trutruka and the beat of the 

 kultrur). 



The pifalka, a whistle (pi. 32, 2-4, 6), is made of an approximately 

 i2-inch-long section of the branch of a tree, preferably the roble 

 chileno, about an inch in diameter. Bark must be removed since it 

 might obstruct the tune. Tones are produced by holding the pifalka 

 in an upright position and blowing forcefully across a hole bored in 

 the upper end. The piloilo, a panpipe, is made by boring a row of 

 five or six ventages across one end of a small piece of wood, also 

 peeled of bark. A person skilled in its use can produce several 

 whistling sounds by blowing across the ventages. Men use both the 

 pifalka and piloilo at the qillatun. 



The tupulwe, a tune-pipe-like instrument, is a hollowed-out colihiie 



