146 PHYLOGENY OF FUSUS AND ITS ALLIES. 



* 



available — are like those of the snb-apennine formation of Italy, 

 which is considered typical Pliocene. F. rostratus, F. bredce, F. 

 seminigosiis and F. longirostris were, if anything, more advanced 

 in the Miocene of the Vienna basin than they were in the Pliocene 

 ( ?) of Italy. The similarity of development of the species indicates 

 a connection between the Mediterranean and the Vienna basin during 

 the Mediterranean stage and would also suggest that the deposits in 

 which they are found are of the same age in both regions. In the 

 Pliocene of Italy the genus Fnsns is well represented by two series, 

 the F. rostratus series and the F. longirostris series. The former con- 

 tinued to the present time, characterizing the Mediterranean province 

 of to-day. The F. longirostris series appears to have ended in one 

 direction in such forms as F. castcllarqnatcnsis, and in others, in F. 

 incuqnicostatus and F. ctrnscus, both of which probably represent 

 terminal members of lateral branches. The two series were un- 

 doubtedly closely related, but their relation to the Eocene species is 

 not so clear. It is extremely probable that there are as yet undiscov- 

 ered connecting series, which flourished during Oligocene and Miocene 

 times in a still unknown area. 



If the progress of the Fusi in the Post Eocene of Europe is ob- 

 scure, it is less so in the corresponding American formations. In 

 the Miocene (or possibly Oligocene) of the West Indian region, we 

 have good species which are not so far removed from the Eocene 

 ancestors. These are F. henckeni and F. haitensis from Jamaica 

 and San Domingo, the former a moderately primitive type, the latter 

 more specialized, and representing a distinct branch. These are the 

 earliest known species of the F. coins series, and they are very closely 

 related to the Eocene species of Western Europe, though mostly grow- 

 ing to a much larger size. F. eucosmius, the modern offspring of 

 these Miocene species, still lingers in the east American waters, having 

 been dredged off Key West. Its nearest relatives, however, among 

 the modern fauna, i. e., F. turricnlus, F. chinensis and F. reeveanus, are 

 far removed from it geographically, occurring, so far as known, only 

 in the China Sea region. The other members of the coins series are, 

 however, distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific province. The 

 easternmost recorded locality in the Pacific is Tongatabue in the Tonga 

 or Friendly Island group about longitude 175° west of Greenwich, 

 where F. toreumns has been found. Cyrtuliis serotinus, however, 

 the phylogerontic terminal of the F. coins series, has been recorded 

 from Nukahiva in the Marquisas group, longitude about 140° west 

 of Greenwich. The easternmost locality recorded for species of this 

 series is Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, specimens of F. toreumns and 

 F. longicaudns having been labelled as coming from the waters near 

 that island. 



