26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 93 



Pawnee, with their " Grand Village " on what I would presume to 

 be the Solomon or Smoky Hill Rivers in Kansas." Collot in 1796 

 locates the " Padouca " on the south fork of the Platte, and Perrin du 

 Lac 6 years later indicates an " ancient village " on a lake drained by 

 a small branch of the Niobrara ( ?) River. The maps of Lewis and 

 Clark and of Pike do not indicate either the Padouca or Comanche. 

 The former authorities mention the " Cataka " or " Cat-a-kah " as 

 a group of the " Paducar " who came to trade at the Arikara villages 

 on the upper Missouri." Zebulon Pike states that the " Comanches " 

 were called the " Padoucas " by the Pawnee," but it is not altogether 

 clear from his references whether the people called " Tetaus " or 

 " letans " were identical or separate from the Comanche. Long in 

 1819 designates the south fork of the Platte as the " Padouca " but 

 elsewhere (1823, II, pp. 116, 187) he refers to the Kiowa, Kaskaias 

 (Kiowa Apache ?), Arapaho, and Cheyenne as being collectively 

 known as the " Padoucas," whereas the " Camancias " are referred 

 to as a separate tribe. Obviously the term " Padouca " had come to 

 be used for a number of nomadic bufifalo-hunting tribes that occupied 

 the central and southern plains at a relatively late period. However, 

 the use of this term by other tribes and by the earlier explorers and 

 cartographers seems generally to have signified the Comanche. Con- 

 sidering that the ethnology, history, and archeology of the Comanche 

 have all been woefully neglected it seems futile until more explicit 

 data are at hand to do more than point out that they did occupy 

 central Nebraska in the early historic period, apparently coming from 

 the north and west and leaving toward the south. In a later section 

 we will have occasion to refer briefly to the problem thus presented. 

 Of the Algonkian linguistic stock at least two and probably three 

 tribes moved through and to a certain extent occupied western Ne- 

 braska within historic times. These were the Cheyenne, the Arapaho, 

 and the Sutaio, the last originally neighbors of and later incorporated 

 with the Cheyenne. On Lewis and Clark's map this last group is 

 designated as the " Sta-e-tan " and located near the headwaters of 

 the White River in South Dakota (table i). A fourth group, the 

 Atsina, were originally associated with the Arapaho but moved 

 northwest, later joining the Blackfoot. The Arapaho appear to have 

 once been in the region of northern Minnesota, moving west about 



*■' Connelley, 1918, p. 454, and Grinnell, 1920, p. 248, locate this village on the 

 Smoky Hill River. 



'" 1904, I, p. 190. The Handbook of the American Indians, Bur. Amer. Ethnol., 

 Bull. 30, pt. 2, p. 1037, however, identifies Ca taka as Kiowa Apache. 



" Coues, 1895, III, p. 536; also see Grinnell, 1920, pp. 256-257, in this regard. 



