NO. 10 NEBRASKA ARCHEOLOGY STRONG 2'J 



the same time or earlier than the Cheyenne and, after crossing the 

 Missouri, drifting south. In 1801 Le Raye locates the Arapaho as 

 the " Gens-di-rach " or " Gens de valch," i. e., " people of the buffalo ", 

 on the headwaters of the Cheyenne River in association with the 

 Cheyenne and other enemies of the Dakota. On Lewis and Clark's 

 map (table i) they appear as the " Ka-ne-na-vish," then located on 

 the upper Platte in the general region of western Wyoming. None 

 of our other maps shows the Arapaho. Throughout the later his- 

 toric period they were closely associated with the Cheyenne. The 

 Cheyenne were first reported in the region of southeastern Minne- 

 sota, where they were visited by Carver in 1766 and were mentioned 

 by Mackenzie on the plains of eastern North Dakota in 1790. (Grin- 

 nell, 1918, p. 359; Mooney, 1907, p. 372.) Between 1740 and 1790 

 at least two groups of Cheyenne had been driven out of villages on 

 the Sheyenne River by the Chippewa according to the accounts of 

 Henry and Thompson. Later they had villages on the Missouri 

 River." Collot's map of 1796 shows Cheyenne villages at the forks 

 of the Cheyenne River, South Dakota, and Lewis and Clark in 1804 

 show them at the same place (table i). According to Alexander 

 Henry, the younger, in 1806 the Cheyenne moved south from the 

 Black Hills in winter and north to the Missouri in the spring. 

 (Mooney, 1907, p. 375.) Grinnell (1918, p. 380) states that the 

 Cheyenne still farmed on the Missouri until 1833, when the majority 

 of the tribe took up a wandering life to the south, though the Sioux 

 claim that the Cheyenne had penetrated far to the west 150 years 

 before. In 1819 Major Long met part of the Cheyenne and Arapaho 

 associated with various other tribes south of the Nebraska territory 

 and in 1843 Fremont visited a camp composed of 100 Arapaho and 

 25 Cheyenne lodges located in southeastern Colorado on the South 

 Platte near the Nebraska line. His map indicates the Cheyenne- 

 Arapaho range in southeastern Wyoming and eastern Colorado." 

 Both the Arapaho and the Cheyenne split into two divisions, a 

 northern and a southern, about 1835. These divisions were formally 

 recognized in the treaty with the United States in 185 1. Thus the 

 various bands and divisions of both tribes sporadically occupied and 

 claimed the southwestern corners of what is now Nebraska, at least 

 during the first half of the nineteenth century (map, fig. 2). No 

 archeological research in either Arapaho or Cheyenne sites has been- 

 reported from Nebraska or Colorado, and what the material traces 

 of their apparently brief occupation may be are unknown. 



"Mooney, 1907, p. 367; Swanton, 1930, pp. 156-159; Grinnell, 1918, p. 359. 

 '"Long, 1823, II, p. 187; Fremont, 1845, p. 29. 



