28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 93 



One more division of the Siouan stock remains to be discussed. 

 This includes the various bands of the Teton Dakota, namely, the 

 Oglala, Brule, Blackfoot,^" Miniconjou, Sans Arc, Two Kettle, and 

 Hunkpapa, comprising the western and principal part of the Dakota 

 proper. With the eastern Dakota bands, since they were not histori- 

 cally resident in the Nebraska region, we are here little concerned. In 

 1680 Hennepin placed the home of the Tetons west of the other 

 Dakota bands on the upper Mississippi, and Lahontan also lists them 

 as an upper Mississippi tribe." In general the Dakota seem to have 

 been more or less driven out of their former woodland habitat by 

 the Chippewa, who were the first to get guns from traders." Although 

 the Dakota movement toward the prairies may have begun slightly 

 prior to white contacts it was certainly accelerated by the advent of 

 both firearms and horses. Le Sueur's map of 1701 shows Teton and 

 Yankton bands just east of the Missouri River in western Iowa 

 (table i). If this location is reliable the western Dakota must oc- 

 casionally have penetrated Nebraska even at this early date. The 

 first record that I have encountered of the Dakota being west of the 

 Missouri is La Verendrye's reference in 1743 to a band of " twenty- 

 five lodges of the Gens de la FIcche Collce, otherwise known as the 

 Prairie Sioux," which he met somewhere west of the Missouri River 

 in what is now South Dakota, apparently near the Cheyenne River.^ 

 According to Lewis and Clark, French traders had been on the upper 

 Missouri for 20 years before their own advent and we have the record 

 of Le Raye who in 1801 was captured by a band of Brule Sioux or 

 Dakota in northern Missouri and traversed parts of Kansas, Nebraska, 

 and the Dakotas with his captors.'^ Thus the Dakota already appear 

 to have carried their raids far afield and had undoubtedly traversed 



^" Not to be confused with the Blackfoot tribe belonging to the Algonkian 

 Hnguistic stock who, contrary to Blackman's supposition (1903, pp. 317-325), 

 are not known to have ever occupied Nebraska. 



"Bur. Amer. Ethnol., Bull. 30, pt. i, p. 376; pt. 2, p. 72,6. Contrary to the 

 statement in the last citation, I can find no evidence that Hennepin actually 

 encountered the Teton ; rather he seems to have been with the Issati, i. e., 

 Santee, during his enforced visit. (See Shea, 1852, pp. 112-131.) 



^' Swanton, 1930. Swanton adds that this Dakota movement was also the 

 result of attractive as well as repulsive forces, i. e., horses and buffalo hunting 

 lured them to the west, while enemies with guns pressed them from the rear. 



^^ Burpee, 1927, p. 429. The French term for the Dakota here used is of 

 ethnological interest. La Verendrye's record was called to my attenti®n by 

 Dr. J. R. Swanton. 



'^ Le Raye, 1908. This is an exceptionally interesting though brief account, 

 both of conditions on the Missouri at the time and for the ranges and habits 

 of numerous tribes. He mentions Crow earth lodges. 



