NO. 10 NEBRASKA ARCHEOLOGY STRONG 47 



According to this authority the boundaries of the disturbed area 

 forming the mound can be traced in lateral section beyond the edges 

 of the previously excavated area. Unfortunately, this evidence is not 

 indicated by any diagram. He points out the fact that the second layer 

 (3~7i feet) reported as undisturbed by Barbour contains modern shell 

 forms, is of loose texture, and that buried or intrusive soil can be 

 traced between the depths of 7^ and 8| feet. In spite of careful 

 searching he found no bones below this layer, though the presence of 

 root channels and gopher burrows might make their intrusion possible. 

 He is unable to confirm Barbour's conclusion that certain of the 

 deeper human bones were water worn and concludes that an ordinary 

 burial mound of no geologic antiquity is represented here. Last of 

 all he scouts the idea that the loess itself is glacial. Since this brings 

 one to the complex problem concerning the aeolian or glacio-fluviatile 

 theories of loess deposition, a halt is indicated. (Also see Shimek, 

 191 7, pp. 93-98.) Sufficient for present purposes is the fact that 

 Shimek agrees with Hrdlicka in denying any geologic antiquity to 

 the human remains in question. 



Returning to a more general consideration of the progress of 

 archeological research in Nebraska, the long-continued work of E. E. 

 Blackman must be considered. Appointed Archeologist of the Ne- 

 braska State Historical Society in 1901, Mr. Blackman, with the 

 exception of certain periods when he was employed elsewhere, has 

 continued his labors in this field up to the present time. His work in 

 regard to the Nehawka flint quarries has already been referred to. 

 In addition, his various annual reports *" contain references to a great 

 number of historic and prehistoric aboriginal sites both in Nebraska 

 and just beyond the State boundaries. In his first report *^ may be 

 found a good brief account of the Indian tribes known, or believed, 

 to have occupied Nebraska within the historic period. His early clas- 

 sifications of Nebraska cultures and ceramic types (1903, pp. 310-314 ; 

 1905. p. 5; 1906, pp. 394-395) are perhaps not so fortunate, though 

 these were made at a time when lack of data made adequate generaliza- 

 tions impossible. Particularly valuable are his brief references to 



ground plan (1907 a, fig. 5, p. 335) is complex but not illuminating, whereas 

 the Gilder plans (1908, figs. 31, 32, pp. 63-64) are unconvincingly schematic. 

 Hrdlicka (1907) gives no diagrams or photographs of the site. 



*" Blackman, 1903, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1928, 1930. 



" 1903, pp. 317-325. With this should be mentioned an historical summary of 

 somewhat the same type by Father M. A. Shine, 1914, pp. 1-23. There are 

 several tribes mentioned by Blackman as having occupied Nebraska for which 

 no historic records exist. 



