48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 93 



such historic sites as the Oto village near Yutaii (1903, p. 296 ; 1907 a, 

 p. 355), the Omaha village on the forks of the Papillion (1906, p. 391), 

 the historic Pawnee villages at Linwood, Horse Creek, Clarks, Genoa, 

 and the McClaine site near Fremont." He explored the remarkable 

 protohistoric Pawnee villages at the Schuyler or Gray site and at the 

 Burkett site (1905, p. 5; 1903. p. 297). Later he carried on excava- 

 tions at the Burkett site, deciding that it was a Skidi Pawnee village 

 dating from around 1341 A. D. (1907 a, pp. 339-344; 1924, pp. 1-8). 

 Blackman also examined the Republican Pawnee village near Re- 

 public, Kans., reputed to be the one visited by Zebulon Pike, and 

 pointed out that the local topography was not in agreement with the 

 maps and descriptions of Pike's exploring party." Mr. Blackman is 

 still interested in archeological research in Nebraska and has much 

 unpublished data. 



Almost contemporaneous with that of Blackman has been the work 

 of Dr. Robert F. Gilder, of Omaha, Nebr. Originally a newspaper 

 man, he became interested in archeology in 1903 and since that time 

 has carried on such research in all available time. In addition, it 

 should be added that Dr. Gilder is also an artist of unusual distinction. 

 Although connected with the University of Nebraska for some time 

 and having received an honorary degree from that institution, much 

 of Gilder's archeological work has been independently carried on. 

 Although he has done some reconnaissance work in Arizona and 

 Wyoming, the bulk of his excavation work has been accomplished in 

 the Omaha district of Nebraska and to a lesser extent across the 

 Missouri in Iowa. 



The modern city of Omaha is located in one of the richest archeo- 

 logical sections of Nebraska, especially as regards prehistoric earth 

 lodges of a rather remarkable type. The culture of these prehistoric 

 lodges has been described by Ciilder in a number of papers." These 

 articles are especially valuable in setting forth the characteristics of 

 this quite unique culture, the artifacts of which are well illustrated 

 in Gilder's papers of 1907, 1909. 1911, 1913, and 1926. Owing to in- 

 complete excavation, the statements and diagrams made by Gilder in 

 regard to the circular shape of all these prehistoric lodges appear 



"1907 a, p. 329; 1903, p. 297; 1907, pp. 355-358; 1903, p. 296. Wedel, (no 

 date), gives further information regarding these sites. 



*^ 1907 a, p. 349. Also see Pike-Pawnee Village, 1927 a, pp. 182-192, and 

 Wedel (no date). 



■"Gilder, 1907, pp. 702-719: 1908, pp. 173-174; 1909, pp. 56-84; 191 1, pp. 249- 

 259; 1913. PP- 107-115; 1926, pp. 1-32. 



