^Q 10 NEBRASKA ARCHEOLOGY— STRONG 5^ 



should be corrected. Fowke also reviews some of Gilder's work and 

 discusses the Long's Hill find at some length. He appears to lean 

 heavily on the fact that " save for some markmgs on pottery all 

 " relics " from the mounds and house pits in the vicmity are the 

 .ame as those from the Lewis and Clark villages. Since I know of 

 not a single village on this part of the Missouri mentioned as oc- 

 cupied in the time of Lewis and Clark which has been positively 

 identified or scientifically excavated since, it is hard to tell where 

 Fowke gets his information. He concludes this section of his report 

 with the following remark: "Any estimate of age must be only a 

 guess at best, but it is a safe guess that no earth work, mound, lodge 

 site or human bone along this part of the Missouri River has been 

 here as long as lO centuries." 



Bushnell (1922 and 1927) published two reports on the villages and 

 burials of Algonkian, Siouan, and Caddoan tribes west of the Missis- 

 sippi Both accounts contain much valuable historical and descriptive 

 material concerning such Nebraska tribes as the Pawnee, Omaha, Oto. 

 and others in the historic period. In the same year appeared a re- 

 port bearing on the disputed question of the exact location of the 

 Republican Pawnee village visited by Zebulon Pike m 1805. _ (See 

 Pike, Pawnee Village, 1927.) This publication was_ largely instigated 

 on the Nebraska side by the discoveries and excavations of A. i . ili l, 

 of Hastings Nebr. An enthusiastic amateur archeologist, particularly 

 interested in all that concerns the Pawnee, Mr. Hill has been an ardent 

 field worker and student of Nebraska archeology for many years. His 

 very valuable researches will be referred to in more detail m later 



sections. 



We must now turn from strictly archeological considerations to a 

 paleontologic discovery and discussion which for some time made 

 western Nebraska a focal point in the eyes of all students interested 

 in the major problems of human evolution and prehistory. On J^ebru- 

 ary 2S 1922 Henry Fairfield Osborn received from Harold J. Cook 

 a worn molar tooth collected by the latter in the Pliocene deposits 

 of the Snake Creek beds of western Nebraska. Shortly afterward, 

 following consultation and discussion with W. D. Matthew, W K. 

 Gregory and M. Hellman, Osborn published a brief paper describing 

 the molar as the type of a new genus and species, Hespcropitheciis 

 haroldcookii, "an anthropoid of the Western World discovered by 

 Mr Harold Cook." ^'^ Since this was the first seemingly credible 

 trace of an anthropoid primate so far reported from the Western 



^"Osborn, 1922, pp. 1-5; also, same author, 1922 a, pp. 281-283. 



