NO. lO NEBRASKA ARCHEOLOGY STRONG 87 



not been worked into shape but are merely large pebbles utilized as 

 hammers. In shape they are roughly oval and the ends are pitted from 

 blow fractures. One of these has one flat face which was used for 

 grinding as well. The material of each is a sand and lime conglomerate, 

 and they are rather heavily encrusted with lime. The fifth specimen 

 has been roughly chipped from a quartzite boulder, and the top has 

 been left rough. The bottom, however, has been used for both striking 

 and grinding and has a very shallow, broad groove down the center. 

 It measures i lO mm long by 84 mm wide and has a height of 60 mm. 

 Its material and form rather suggest the quartzite side scraper found 

 in historic and protohistoric Pawnee sites. 



The occurrence of a few disintegrating nodules of lime-cemented 

 sand should also be noted. These are grayish in appearance and may 

 have been burned or treated in such a manner as to break them down. 

 The sand that can be rubbed from them is very similar to the tempering 

 used in the pottery and may have been so employed. Certain of these 

 disintegrating nodules appear to have been used as grinding stones. 



The striking paucity of ground stone artifacts in the Lost Creek 

 sites is well indicated by the above slender list of types. Pipes, shaft 

 polishers, and hammerstones conclude the list, which is meager indeed 

 compared with the abundance and variety of chipped stone, bone, and 

 antler artifacts. 



Work in Chipped Stone 



The excavation at house i yielded a large number and variety of 

 chipped stone artifacts commonly worked frjom the local brown jasper, 

 the latter occurring in the layers of limestone exposed by Lost Creek. 

 Besides jasper, flint and chert were also employed. For the purpose of 

 describing and comparing types of chipped arrowpoints, spear heads, 

 and knives, a classification based entirely upon form rather than 

 assumed function has been employed. The types are shown in outline 

 (fig. 7) with the characteristics on which they are segregated some- 

 what exaggerated. These outlines are entirely irrespective of size. 

 Although size is important in distinguishing between arrowpoints and 

 the two other types of artifacts, it does not enter into the following 

 classification, which is based entirely on form. 



As each site is studied, the chipped points coming under the above 

 classifications will be listed in table 3. In this way it is possible to see 

 at a glance the distribution and grouping of types and to compare the 

 various sites in this regard. 



A large number of chipped stone arrowpoints were recovered in 

 house I. There were 32 in all, and these fall into six types : NBa (15), 



