NO. lO NEBRASKA ARCHEOLOGY STRONG 135 



and is delicately retouched all over the upper surface. All are of the 

 usual keeled, planoconvex type (pi. 7, fig. i, o-s) . Two specimens 

 have a definitely marked median groove for attachment to a handle 

 (pi. 7, fig. I, r). With three rather crude exceptions (pi. 7, fig. i, p) , 

 all are very delicately retouched over the upper or keeled surface. 

 Of the entire 24. 5 are of the gray, speckled " Nehawka " fiint, i of 

 a pinkish chert, and 18 of a gray-white chert or flint. 



There are eight chipped artifacts suggesting side scrapers. These 

 are large flakes of gray-white flint, unworked except for retouching 

 along one edge. The longest is a slender, prismatic flake measuring 

 125 mm. The others are shorter and are oval to round in outline. 

 This type of artifact blends in with another extremely numerous series 

 of small flint flakes either retouched or more probably chipped by use 

 along one edge. These seem to have been employed as knives, the 

 natural sharp edge resulting from the fracture being employed until 

 it was dulled, when the flake was thrown away in favor of a new one. 

 The 31 specimens of this type which were preserved are only a small 

 proportion of those actually found in house i. This simple knife or 

 small side scraper was the most numerous single artifact type at this 

 site. Of the 31 preserved, 19 are of gray-white flint, 11 of " Nehawka " 

 flint, and i of brown jasper. A good example of these simple but pre- 

 sumably effective flake knives is illustrated (pi. 7, fig. 2, g). 



Besides the use of simple flakes, six delicately retouched knife-blade 

 fragments of gray-white and " Nehawka " flint were found (pi. 7, 

 fig. 2, i). All were diamond-shaped or oval in outline, thin, sharp- 

 edged, and without noticeable beveling. These are included in table 3. 

 The largest fragment measured about 75 mm in length. 



Besides the above artifacts, some 38 flint rejects and cores were 

 preserved. All showed human workmanship in the form of secondary 

 chipping but were unclassifiable as artifacts. As a rule the flint mate- 

 rial in these cores or rejects was of a very poor grade. Besides those 

 preserved, many similar fragments were discarded by us. The main 

 importance of the above lies in their testimony as to the making of 

 stone artifacts in the houses as well as in the fact that the secondary 

 products of such work, i. e., suitable flakes, were also utilized. 



Of large chipped stone artifacts, eight roughly chipped celts of 

 gray-white flint were the only examples recovered (pi. 17, fig. 2, e, f, 

 g). The majority of these are much battered on the cutting edge, indi- 

 cating their use as axes. None show any indication of grooves for 

 hafting and it is probable that they were socketed in solid wood 

 handles. The finest example (pi. 17, fig. 2, g) is 105 mm long, 50 mm 



