142 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 93 



Specimen was submitted to geologists in the Nebraska State Museum, 

 who stated that it was not of volcanic origin but appeared to be clay 

 which had been subjected to intense heat. Fragments of this pumice- 

 like material are fairly common in prehistoric earth lodges along the 

 Missouri River, and although the present fragment may be of pe- 

 culiarly baked clay, there is no doubt that pumice stone from the 

 deposits on the upper Missouri River was also employed by the pre- 

 historic peoples of this general area. 



Work in Ciuiped Stone 



Two triangular unnotched and unstemmed arrowpoints of " Ne- 

 hawka " flint come from house 5. One of these is chipped from a 

 flake and is slightly planoconvex, being 40 mm long and 26 mm wide. 

 The base of the latter is slightly convex and the type is NBc, whereas 

 that of the other is the NBa type. These conform to the large un- 

 notched type of point from house 2, Rock Bluffs, and house i, Lost 

 Creek (see table 3). None of the smaller notched points are reported 

 from the present site. 



Two very crude end scrapers come from house 5. They are plano- 

 convex, but the upper part or keel has been only roughly retouched 

 except on the working end or blade of one of them. The latter has a 

 delicately worked edge, but the abrupt working edge of the second 

 specimen is formed by one clean fracture. They are respectively 

 54 mm and 47 mm in length. 



One flat flaked knife blade with rounded ends (NE type) was 

 found. It is of " Nehawka " flint, slightly planoconvex, retouched 

 on the top and on all edges ; the bottom is smooth. Whether this arti- 

 fact, which is 59 mm long, was employed as a knife or as a side scraper 

 is problematical. Five flakes retouched possibly from use along one 

 or more edges are identical with the flake knives described for house 2. 



Of the larger chipped flint artifacts only one well-worked celt of 

 gray flint or chert was obtained. It is 85 mm long, 53 mm wide, and 

 15 mm thick in greatest dimensions and is oval in outline. Across 

 the greatest breadth of the specimen, on one side only, is a suggestion 

 of a chipped groove for hafting as an ax. The edges of the artifact are 

 exceptionally sharp. 



Work in Bone 



Two bone artifacts are at hand from this site. One is an awl of ex- 

 cellent workmanship made from a deer ulna. It is slightly brown from 

 heating and tapers to a sharp point (pi. 18, fig. i, /). It is 123 mm 



