222 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 93 



by E. H. Barbour and E. H. Bell, and the association definitely con- 

 firmed (see Science News Letter for August 20, 1932, pp. 118-119). 

 The eight artifacts were found in direct association with the bison 

 bones. The specimens have been well illustrated (Barbour and Schultz, 

 1932 b, p. 295, and Bell and Van Royen, 1934). Four are definite 

 chipped points, one an end scraper, one a retouched fragment, and two 

 are spalls or rejects. Of the chipped points, one is of " Yuma type " 

 (NDa, fig. 7), two are leaf-shaped without any longitudinal groove 

 and are rather coarsely retouched. In each case the butt is broken, 

 hence they cannot be more definitely classified ; the fourth has a stem 

 and shoulders (SCa3, fig. 7). The end scraper is planoconvex, being 

 large and coarse. The two spalls are rather nondescript beyond appear- 

 ing to be planoconvex. Barbour and Schultz (1932 b) have classified 

 this material as of " a Pre-Folsom culture ". The apparent cultural 

 significance of these artifacts, and the others previously mentioned, 

 will be discussed later. The geologic age of the deposit is not yet clear 

 (Bell and Van Royen, 1934. pp. 61-62), although it is obviously of 

 considerable age.^ 



In the banks of the East Fork of Greenwood Creek, in Morrill 

 County, about 10 miles northwest of the town of Dalton (fig. i, site 

 39), Robert E. Cape in 1932 discovered several artifacts in deep, 

 cemented sand and in gravel layers. The occurrence of certain of these 

 chipped artifacts in situ has been observed and reported on by Bell and 

 Van Royen (1934). The artifacts come from two levels, A and B. 

 From A, the lowest gravel bed, come two retouched " scrapers " of 

 planoconvex type evidently shaped by the percussion method and re- 

 touched by careless pressure flaking (Bell and Van Royen, 1934, 

 p. 67). From B, the cemented sand layer above A, come two other 

 planoconvex " scrapers ", one of which is a definite end scraper. Both 

 have apparently been worked by pressure technique. As to period. Bell 

 and Van Royen tentatively suggest that gravel zone A may represent 

 the cool and humid period represented in Iowa by the coniferous vege- 

 tation and that B might approximate the dry amaranth period in Iowa. 

 (See Sears, 1932, p. 621.) They state (1934^ P- 69) : 



We also do not know whether these cHmatic fluctuations, as indicated by 

 Sears, were all of sufficient amplitude to find expression in the topography. If 

 some of the fluctuations were of such brief duration that they did not result in 



** Since the above was written A. L. Lugn (and C. B. Schultz), 1934, p. 355, has 

 suggested that this site " seems to be not older than late Kansan, and it do^s 

 not seem to be as late as Wisconsin. Apparently its age is late mid- Pleistocene, 

 that is, post Kansan pre-Wisconsin." As will be indicated later, this startling 

 conclusion seems rather at variance with the typological correlations of the arti- 

 facts recovered. 



