NO. 10 NEBRASKA ARCHEOLOGY STRONG 233 



numerous artifacts too broken for classification and chips come from 

 this level. 



A large number of chipped artifacts were recovered from level I. In 

 all, 1,119 classifiable chipped points come from'this level (table 3). The 

 most abundant type are ovoid side scrapers (NE), which number 445 ; 

 the remainder are knives (rare) or projectile points (common). The 

 most characteristic and abundant of the latter types is a medium-sized 

 (average length 4 cm) lanceolate or leaf-shaped projectile point with 

 a concave base (NAb3). The base is often thinned down by the re- 

 moval of flakes from each face. These number 222 (pi. 25, fig. i, 0). 

 A similar type with a horizontal base (NAb2) is next in abundance 

 (170) (pi. 25, fig. I. g). Leaf -shaped points of similar size with 

 rounded butts (NAbi) number 45 (pi. 25, fig. i, /). The majority of 

 the above types are projectile points, but a number of larger-pointed 

 knives are also represented (pi. 25, fig. i, g). A type of stemmed 

 point (SCa2, 56, SCa3, 87 and SCb3, 47) is the main variant and here 

 also those with a concave stem predominate (pi. 25, fig. i, h, c, d). 

 A rare thin, notched form (NBai, 2, and NBa2, 29) (pi. 25, fig. i, e) 

 is unique. From the broad fiangelike butt and the small rounded point 

 it is difficult to guess what the purpose of this particular type may have 

 been. This is the only notched form from level I, and they may repre- 

 sent an early and larger prototype of the small notched points of later 

 times. The bulk of the other medium-sized points suggest arrowheads, 

 but some of these, and the larger points, may have been used on darts. 

 It is diagnostic of the level I culture particularly that in all types of 

 points a considerable number occur that are definitely planoconvex 

 (pi. 25, fig. I, d, right, /, left, 0, right). This feature occurs in the 

 upper levels to a limited extent, but it is particularly marked in level I, 

 where a number of the points are actually unifaced, retouched flakes 

 having a decided fracture curve (pi. 25, fig. i, 0, right). 



Next in abundance in the lowest level (I) are planoconvex end 

 scrapers, which number 491. These fall into three main types: (a) 

 those with an unretouched back, consisting of either a thick flake, 

 or a split naturally rounded pebble with the end abruptly chipped 

 (pi. 25, fig. I, s). There are 290 of these, and they form a distinct 

 subtype of this almost ubiquitous implement. The (b) type has the 

 upper surface definitely retouched (pi. 25, fig. i, q) and usually keel- 

 shaped (153). The third and least numerous type (c) of which there 

 are 48, has a definite stem, which in some cases has a concave base 

 (pi. 25, fig. I, r). As already mentioned, side scrapers, retouched on 

 both sides and of an ovoid form (NE), are very numerous (445) 

 (pi. 25, fig. I, v). Some of the larger specimens of this type are 



