234 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 93 



probably cliippcd celts (about 10) (pi. 25, fig. 2. n). Planoconvex 

 side scrapers, both rounded and irregular in shape, number 217, The 

 round, flat specimens with a fine, abrupt retouch are particularly 

 characteristic (pi. 25, fig. i. u). Flake knives, composed of large to 

 small flakes used as cutting tools, number 277. They range from 

 simple flakes with a use retouch along one edge (pi. 25. fig. i, y, c) 

 to definitely worked, planoconvex artifacts with a neatly retouched 

 back and a thin, finely retouched edge (pi. 25, fig. i. w, x). This last 

 is a characteristic level I type. Chipped stone drills and gravers num- 

 ber 124. Of these 52 are mere flakes, either plain or retouched on one 

 side with a point on the end or projecting from one side (pi. 25. 

 fig. I, n). In eight cases this side point is very tiny, and a number 

 of such artifacts may have been overlooked in sorting in the field. In 

 general, the thin flakes with sharp, but graduated rather than abruptly 

 shouldered points, can probably be regarded as gravers for bone etch- 

 ing, etc., and the longer pointed types as drills or awls used for perfor- 

 ating skins prior to sewing. Almost equally numerous (50) arc T- 

 shaped drills with a carefully retouched point (pi. 25, fig. i, in). Four 

 drills have definite retouched stems, two having shoulders and a con- 

 cave base (pi. 25, fig. I, A"). This is a widespread type. Some 18 drills 

 are triangular in outline and more or less retouched on both sides 

 (pi. 25, fig. I,/)). 



There are a number of unusual chipped specimens, including a large 

 stemmed knife characterized by beautiful chipping, a concave base, 

 and a broad notched tip (pi. 25, fig. i, ;') ; a spurred knife with an 

 uiuisual stem (p\. 23, fig. i. /;) ; and several spoke shaves (pi. 25, 

 fig. I, /). In general, it can be said that flint work in level I was in 

 the nature of a flake industry, as demonstrated by the high percentage 

 of occurrence of simple flakes with finely retouched edges as points, 

 end scrapers, side scrapers, drills, gravers, and knives. In addition to 

 the abundant artifact types, level I yielded a mass of retouched frag- 

 ments, flakes, and cores. It was obviously a workshop as well as a 

 habitation horizon. 



BOXK AND AXTIER WoRK 



Artifacts of these materials are rather limited in all three levels 

 and are not strikingly distinctive as to type. However, certain dififer- 

 ences do occur. In level III, the following specimens were recovered : 

 4 knapping tools, i of ground down antler and 3 of split antler, all 

 having rounded points (pi. 24, fig. 1, u) ; i short heavy punch of elk 

 antler (pi. 24, fig. i, .c;), 8 awls, i rounded and 7 of split bones or 

 antler with sharp, rounded points (pi. 24, fig. i, /), 2 of which are 

 merely sharpened splinters of bone; 9 pieces of cut bone, 2 of which 



