244 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 93 



tery and stone artifacts. 'J1ie pottery is said to be grit- or gravel- 

 tempered, cord-marked, decorated with incisions and occasionally 

 with a red ocher slip. According to the newspaper article cited, 

 decoration also consists of pinching, modeling in relief, stamping, 

 and basket impressions. Mr. O'Sullivan believes it to be of Caddoan 

 (i. e.. Pawnee) origin. Stone pipes, abundant small arrowheads, some 

 sort of soft red stone suggesting brick, obsidian, and numerous other 

 artifacts are reported. Although it is impossible to form any definite 

 impression as to the culture represented, the incised, cord-marked, 

 and sometimes ocher-stained pottery, the stone pipes, and tiny arrow- 

 points suggest our Upper Republican type. Whether the upper Elk- 

 horn River villages represent a pure Upper Republican culture, a 

 blend witli the Nebraska culture such as seems to occur at Butte, or 

 a totally new type must be settled by future research. As will be 

 pointed out later, this region, directly between the upper Missouri 

 River area and the numerous prehistoric sites on the Loup and Re- 

 publican Rivers, seems of strategic importance in tracing the move- 

 ments of prehistoric populations west of the Missouri in Nebraska. 



In extreme southeastern Nebraska Sterns (191 5 a) briefly de- 

 scribes a large protohistoric or late prehistoric camp site on the 

 Nemaha River near Rulo (map, fig. i, site 32). Abundant pottery is 

 reported from here, which is characteristically lump-modeled, smooth 

 surface, yellow to brown-black in color, thick, and shell-tempered. 

 Round-bottomed pots seem to have been the prevalent form. Hori- 

 zontally perforated lugs are common, the rims of vessels are scalloped, 

 and crude gouges and linear incisions decorate both the body of the 

 vessel and in some cases the inner portion of the rim. Besides pot- 

 tery, sandstone shaft polishers, small end scrapers, long chipped knife 

 blades, and arrowpoints similar to those of the Nebraska culture 

 occur. Similar remains on Wolf Creek in Kansas are also noted, and 

 since this pottery type is not found beyond the range of the Kansa, 

 who had villages in the region about 1725, Sterns (191 5 a. II, pp. 

 171 -1 77) suggests that these sites pertain to this tribe. (Compare 

 Harrington, 1924, pp. 18-19.) The relationship of this seemingly 

 distinct ceramic type to those known elsewhere in Nebraska remains 

 to be determined. It may account for certain of the shell-tempered 

 sherds found in Nebraska culture sites and should be carefully com- 

 pared with Oneonta culture pottery from Iowa. The entire region of 

 southeastern Nebraska is a promising and little-known field. 



This concludes our hasty survey of sites as yet incompletely in- 

 vestigated which seem to have a definite bearing on problems raised 

 by the more complete excavations j^reviously discussed. It remains 



