28o SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 93 



and small, jilaiioconvex gravers there is a strong linkage between 

 Signal Butte 1 and the recently defined Folsom culture in northern 

 Colorado. It is interesting that some ground stone and mineral paints 

 occur in all these horizons, including the Folsom culture. On Signal 

 Butte, the bone and antler work of the three levels is not particularly 

 distinctive, except that a rather unique type of split awl and bone 

 gouge (pi. 25, fig. 2, a, c) occur in Signal Butte I. These linkages, 

 especially as concerns flint implements, covering very considerable 

 time periods, tend to establish definite typological sequences in the 

 prehistoric chronology of central North America. The prospect thus 

 revealed encourages one in thinking that the time when the archeology 

 of this great area will emerge from the status of obscurely defined 

 " cultures " into a sequential record of human development is not so 

 very far in the future. 



The various scattered finds of artifacts occurring in association 

 with extinct animals, or in geologically old deposits, that have been 

 reported from Nebraska and immediately adjacent areas within the 

 last 5 or 6 years are hard to place culturally. This is primarily due to 

 the paucity of cultural material from such sites. Considering this 

 problem primarily from a typological angle, i.e., the apparent relation- 

 ship between these isolated artifacts and those in well-defined cultural 

 associations, the following relationships seem indicated to the present 

 writer. 



The chipped point from Cumro, Nebr., is of the so-called Yuma 

 type without the narrowed stem (ND, fig. 7, and pi. 7, fig. i, e). It 

 does not fit into any known cultural horizon at the present time. The 

 Yuma type of point often occurs in association with Folsom type |x>ints 

 on blow-out sites as in Yuma County, Colo., and at Clovis, N. Mex.. 

 but in the work so far accomplished in the Folsom living level near 

 Fort Collins no Yuma type points have yet come to light. It has been 

 suggested that the Yuma point is in reality a knife used by the Folsom 

 people, and this may be demonstrated by later excavation at the Lin- 

 denmeier site or elsewhere. Renaud (1934 b, p. 2) argues on typologi- 

 cal and technical grounds that the Yuma type preceded the Folsom 

 type, but to date there is no stratigraphic evidence whatsoever to support 

 this view. Folsom type points have been found definitely associated 

 with extinct bison (Folsom), a musk ox-like animal (Guadalupe Alts.) 

 (see Howard, 1932, p. 14), and the mammoth (Dent), whereas the 

 Yuma type of point has so far only been found in association with 

 extinct bison (Cumro?, Spring Creek), but, as previously stated, in 

 our present state of knowledge such considerations should not be 

 given too much weight. The prt)bleni of relationship and (or) se- 



