NO. lO NEBRASKA ARCHEOLOGY STRONG 289 



cast a flood of light upon even more remote regions in regard to major 

 movements in prehistoric North America. 



The work of McKern and others in Wisconsin carries certain of 

 the suggested correlations even farther afield."' Two culture types in 

 Wisconsin, extending from the prehistoric into the historic period, 

 seem to he related to prehistoric horizons in Iowa and probably in 

 Nebraska. Of these, the Upper Mississippi culture of Wisconsin finds 

 many apparently basic similarities in the Oneota (and Mill Creek?) 

 cultures of Iowa and to a lesser extent in the Nebraska culture just 

 west of the Missouri River. As in Iowa, and probably in Nebraska, 

 this general type of culture in Wisconsin seems to be correlated with 

 the Siouan occupation. Apparently earlier than the Upper Mississippi 

 culture in Wisconsin, yet persisting alongside of it into historic times, 

 is the horizon recently designated as the Lake Michigan culture. This 

 culture is apparently correlated with historic (and prehistoric) peoples 

 of the Algonkian linguistic stock and is related to the widespread 

 Algonkian culture in Iowa and, presumably, to the Sterns Creek cul- 

 ture in eastern Nebraska. It is undoubtedly significant that wherever 

 stratification occurs in Wisconsin the Upper Mississippi culture is later 

 than the Lake Michigan culture, and similarly in eastern Nebraska, 

 at the stratified Walker Gilmore site, the Nebraska culture is de- 

 monstrably later than the Sterns Creek culture. 



Until one has actually seen the tremendous number of large aborigi- 

 nal sites that remain to be excavated and reported on in North and 

 South Dakota, the futility of attempting any determination of culture 

 sequences or correlations between this region and other areas at the 

 present time cannot be realized. Although a small amount of scien- 

 tific excavation has been accomplished and some extremely valuable 

 data have been obtained by the North Dakota Historical Society, the 

 South Dakota Historical Society, the University of South Dakota, and 

 the Logan Museum of Beloit College, much of which awaits publica- 

 tion, archeological research in this region is still in its infancy. This 

 has been pointed out by Robinson, De Land, Grinnell, Montgomery, 

 Will, Spinden, Stirling, and others, yet to the present time the fact 

 does not seem to have penetrated the general archeological conscious- 

 ness that here is one of the four major archeological areas north of 

 Mexico which is still practically unknown. In the writer's opinion the 

 Upper Missouri area is exceeded in the size and number of sites as 

 well as in cultural importance only by the pueblo region of the south- 



"' McKern, 193 1. Also verbal report by the same authority at the Vermillion 

 Conference of Plains Archeologists, Vermillion, S. Dak., 1931. 



