192 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



it included only three species, neither of which belongs to the present 

 group. Moreover, his first species {inimersa) and third species (variolosa, 

 in part) belong to the older genus JEscharoides, as restricted and adopted 

 by him in the same work. The second is a Porina or PorelUna. There- 

 fore it would be better to regard Escharella as a synonym of Escliaroides 

 Edw. (1835), in Gray's restricted sense. Eschar eUa D'Orbigny (1852) 

 was established wholly independently of Gray's genus, and is a group 

 entirely distinct from Gray's, and if the name is to be used at all, it 

 should be used only in D'Orbigny's sense. Smittia, recently proposed by 

 Hincks (Ann. and Mag., Feb., 1879), may well be adopted, therefore, for 

 the present group. The following species, from our coast, belong to this 

 genus : 



Smittia porifera (Smitt) Hincks. Massachusetts Bay to Labrador, 

 common. 



Smittia Candida (Stimp.) Verrill. Gulf of Maine, Bay of Fundy, etc. 



Smittia glohifera (Packard) Yerrill. Casco Bay to Labrador, common. 



Smittia auriculata (Hassal?) Yerrill. Gulf of Maine. 



Smittia Landsborovii (Johnst.) Hincks. Massachusetts Bay, north- 

 ward, common. 



Smittia bella (Busk) Hincks. Gulf of St. Lawrence (Whiteaves). 



The last species I have not seen from our coast ; but I have at least 

 two additional, undetermined species. 



Smittia Candida V. {^Lepralia Candida Stimpson). 



This species has been entirely misunderstood by Smitt and others, 

 owing doubtless to the imperfection of the original description. Stimp- 

 son's figure, however, represents very well the form of the aperture and 

 of the zooecia in young colonies, without ocEcia and avicularia. The 

 zooecia are rather large, and conspicuously perforated over the front; 

 the aperture has a distinct rounded sinus. The avicularia, which are 

 usually absent on many or most of the zooecia of a colony, are large, 

 obtusely rounded at the end, commonly placed transversely just in front 

 of the sinus, or sometimes partially within it, but on some crowded 

 colonies varying much in direction, some being direct, others oblique, 

 others transverse. Ooecia large, globose, usually perforate, but some- 

 times, when highly calcified, the pores mostly disappear, or become 

 small, and the surface becomes rough and granulous. It is very closely 

 related to S, porifera^ but has larger zooecia and avicularia, while the 

 usual obliquity of tlie latter is generally distinctive. 



Smittia globifera V. {^^Lepralia ylobifera Packard, Canadian Naturalist, vol. viii, 



p. 408). 



This species is very closely related to S. auriculata, with which I have, 

 in former papers, united it. As compared with an authentic English 

 specimen of S. aurwiilata, received from the Rev. A. M. Xorman, the 

 zooecia and avicularia are about one-half larger, but of nearly the same 

 form. The zooecia are less regularly perforated. In our species, the 



