APPENDIX TO JOURNAL 395 



cea, echinoderms, polyps, and sponges ; many of them were new to science, 

 others either very rare or of much interest on account of their geograph- 

 ical distribution. Pleurotomaria is an example of the former ; asthen- 

 osoma, ceraiophozus, rhizocrinus, and other echinoderms, of the latter. 

 Deep sea-corals were obtained in considerable quantity, but none appear 

 to be identical with those of the North Atlantic; they also seem to differ 

 more from those of Florida than would have been expected. 



"Between Barbadoesand Brazil we had little opportunity for observa- 

 tion, except upon the motions of the flying-fish, the habits and appear- 

 ance of the physalia, &c. But we had an interesting dredging about a 

 day's sail south of Pernambuco in 500 fathoms, from which we obtained, 

 besides other specimens, a living shell, closely allied to the Pecten para- 

 doxus, as described by Goldfuss. Another cast, about 40 miles east of 

 Cape Frio, in 45 fathoms, gave us a new crustacean, singularly like the 

 ancient trilobites. With reference to temperature off the coast of 

 Brazil, Count PourtaleV notes give the following details : ' Off Maceio, 

 Brazil, January 17, in latitude 9° 45' S., longitude 35° 0' west, the surface- 

 temperature was 80°.5. At 100 fathoms it was 67°; at 485 fathoms, 

 44°.5; at 556 fathoms, (a few miles farther west,) 42°.5; in latitude 

 11° 49' south, longitude 37° 10' west, surface, 80°.3 ; at 613 fathoms, 39° 

 A number of dredgings were taken on the same parallel, but nearer 

 shore, with moderate success.' He adds that subsequent casts of the 

 dredge were taken at various points along the east coast of South 

 America, and in the Strait of Magellan, but almost always in depths 

 less than 50 fathoms where temperature presented no particular interest. 



"A delay of three weeks at Rio de Janeiro interrupted our work at 

 sea, but I made use of it to collect largely in the market of Bio de 

 Janeiro and in the neighboring rivers and brooks. The most valuable 

 contribution to science made there, however, consisted in preparations 

 of large numbers offish-brains, both marine and fresh-water. 



"Our next port was Montevideo. Here, however, the quarantine pre- 

 vented us from entering the city, but 1 had an opportunity of studying 

 glacial phenomena on a hill in the harbor, where 1 was allowed to laud 

 and where I found erratic material of an unquestionably glacial char- 

 acter, and other evidences of glacial action. Indeed, the most striking 

 fact of all is that the hill itself is a true ' roche moutonuee.' On leaving 

 Bio de la Plate, February 22, we dropped the dredge in some seven 

 fathoms, and it came up laden with valuable specimens. Among other 

 things this cast gave us a large voluta and the egg of a voluta, (of which 

 we found many afterward belonging to different kinds of volutas,) many 

 olivas, serulas, renillas, crustaceans and echinoderms. It is not worth 

 while to record all our dredgings; they were frequent, sometimes very 

 remunerative, and sometimes not at all so. One dredging, of especial 

 value for its rare mollusks and echinoderms, was taken off the mouth 

 of the Bio Negro. 



"The next point of great interest was the gulf of San Mathias, at the 



