APPENDIX TO JOURNAL. 397 



but as I wished to see something of the geology between the coast and 

 the Andes, I proceeded by land to Santiago. My observations here con- 

 firmed my previous impressions as to the glacial phenomena. There is 

 very little evidence of local action proceeding from the Andes, but the 

 whole Chilian valley lying between the coast-range and the Andes 

 proper has been modeled in a south-northerly direction by ice. The 

 valley is, in short, a glacier bottom. 



"At Valparaiso we joined the vessel again, andl add some notes from 

 Count PourtalCs concerning temperatures based upon soundings, &c, 

 taken on their voyage to and from Juan Fernandez : ' In the Pacific 

 Ocean soundings were taken between Talcahuana, Chili, and Juan Fer- 

 nandez. The hundred-fathoms line was found to be about 35 miles off 

 shore. At a distance of 52 miles the depth was 1,006 fathoms. In lati- 

 tude 35° 30' south and longitude 75° 11' west the depth was 2,410 fath- 

 oms, temperature 35°. Mud and fragments of a delicate sponge were 

 obtained by the lead ; but the dredge-line having been damaged by 

 dampness, parted when hauling up. About two miles north of Juan 

 Fernandez, surface temperature 61° ; at 377 fathoms, 41°.5 ; at 656 

 fathoms, bottom temperature 61°. The dredge brought up only a few 

 small stones. About three miles off the northwest corner of the same 

 island the depth was 1,144 fathoms, bottom temperature 36°. The 

 dredge brought up nodules of clay, pebbles, worm-tubes, and a small 

 isis. About 25 miles north of the island a depth of 2,214 fathoms was 

 found, with a bottom temperature of 36° ; bottom of reddish mud. The 

 dredge was lost again, with a large quantity of line. On the way from 

 Juan Fernandez to Valparaiso a cast of the lead was taken in latitude 

 33° 33' south, longitude 77° 2' west; depth, 1,585 fathoms, bottom tem- 

 perature 36° ; fine white globigerina mud. The hauling up of the line 

 took more than six hours, on account of the constant precautions needed 

 to prevent it from parting. Further attempts were thereafter given 

 up.' 



" From Valparaiso we proceeded up the coast, touching at all the prin- 

 cipal points, and collecting everywhere. One of our richest collecting- 

 grounds was Parraca Bay, where the fauna was of astonishing richness 

 and variety. The geology was also exceedingly interesting, and I was 

 indebted to Lieutenant Murray Day for a very detailed map of the drift- 

 formation in that region. 



" From Payta we struck off to the Galapagos, where we arrived on the 

 10th of June, and remained till the 19th, touching at Charles Island, Albe- 

 marle, Saint James, Jarvis, and Indefatigable Islands. The zoology of 

 these islands is intensely interesting, not only from the peculiar character 

 of the fauna, but also from the physical conditions in which it occurs, all 

 these islands being of such recent volcanic formation as to preclude the 

 idea of a migration of animals from the mainland, and their subsequent 

 adaptation to new circumstances. Our collections in the Galapagos 

 were exceptionally large. Iguanas, both marine and terrestrial, (the 



