32 THE entomologist's record. 



antiis, there cannot be two opinions about it, it is so definite. Dr. 

 White's name therefore has the priority and must be adhered to. 



The description is then continued by the author, viewed from the 

 side and viewed from below, and in each case he gives a figure of the 

 part dissected out as well as an outline figure in profile, which latter 

 will naturally not meet with Mr. Pierce's approval because he prefers 

 an artificial view of the genitalia to that which always obtains in 

 nature. Buchanan White only once mentions the fact that the 

 tegumen encircles the abdomen, when, on page 858, he says, " the 

 tegumen, though most largely developed in the dorsal arc (the 

 tergite) of the segment, is continued as a chitinous ring round the 

 ventral arc (or sternite)"; and then he gives a diagrammatic view of it. 



It is quite evident that his whole mind, descriptions, and all his 

 really important figures were bent on and depict the dorsal part, and 

 that the term " tegumen " must take precedence over the term 

 " uncus " for the dorsal armature rather than for the armature in the 

 sternite section of the abdomen, which I named the " girdle " in 1905 

 (Trans. Ent. 8oc., p. 290); whilst in 19101 adopted its Latin equivalent 

 Chypda, so as to bring it into line with other scientific appellations. 

 In 1905 I also called White's " side lobes " Falces, with the same 

 object in view, these are, I suppose what Mr. Pierce now calls the 

 ■" socii." 



Mr. Gosse, in dealing with the "clasping organs of the Papilinnidae " 

 [Trans. Linn. 8oe., ZdoL, vol. ii., p. 274), evidently feels that he is 

 over-riding Dr. White's previously given name, for he says in reference 

 to the uncus, " the word tei/iiiiicn adopted by Dr. White, seems hardly 

 appropriate for this spinous, often wiry, point, which is certainly in 

 no sense a cover." It must be admitted that even in Injperantiis, the 

 tegumen is not really a cover at all, but to the author who gave the 

 name, it appeared as a cover, and from Mr, Gosse's own admission the 

 two names " cover " the same dorsal organ, therefore the term 

 " tegumen " has priority and I hope will be generally used in the 

 future. So far as I am concerned I shall continue to use Dr. White's 

 name for the dorsal area that he so specifically described and figured, 

 which includes the " uncus " of Gosse. I drew attention to this as 

 long ago as 1890 {Trans. Ent. Soc. Land., 1891, p. 3). At the same 

 time I would point out that I have acted in accordance with well 

 acknowledged precedent (as a reviser) in sectioning off a portion and 

 giving it the name of Cin<iiila or " girdle." In some families the 

 sternite and tergite parts of the Cingula are almost separated by an 

 articulation. With Dr. White's very definite and accurate description 

 and equally definite figures, there is no question at all in my mind 

 that the term tcf/itinen must be used for the dorsal portion of the 

 armature and that the term nnct(s must sink to it. 



I must now consider Mr. Pierce's use of the term I'alrae or " valves," 

 a word that first came into what we might call " modern usage " with 

 Mr. Gosse's elaborate and beautifully illustrated paper on these organs 

 in the l^apiliaiiidae {'Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 265, rt scij.). 

 Herold, in 1815, uses the German word " Klappe " or valve, for that 

 organ v.hich we still call the valve in Pieris brassicae. This is the 

 very first definite appellation (perhaps) for a defined portion of the 

 male armature, a portion that was confirmed by Gosse, with a reference 

 .to Herold, showing that ho recognised the organ in the Pierine as 



