COLLECTING IN CONSTANTINOPLE IN 19U. 35 



and Spence in their ■\vell-known ■work, in which certain scientific 

 designations are applied to definite parts. 



I have not y.et seen the former -work, but it appears that in 1826 

 Kirby and JSpence quite definitely applied the term " Prehensores " to 

 the organs in the genus Boinbiit> that are homologues of the 

 *' Harpago " of White. 



I mav have to make further reference to both these works at a 

 later date.— G.T.B-B. 



Collecting at Constantinople in 1914. 



By P. P. GRAVES, F.E.S. 

 Spring began early at Constantinople this year and on my first 

 expedition to Kiathane, on March 28rcl, I found Papilio machaon, 

 Callojihri/s riibi, Einnicia phlaeas, Celastrina arf/iolns, Coiias eduso, and 

 the " whites " including Pontia daplidice well out. The promise of 

 ]\[arch was well maintained till the end of May, but the first half of 

 June was very rainy and wild along the Bosphorus and after July 24th 

 m}' collecting came to rather an abrupt end. I was able during the 

 season to add quite a number of species to the Constantinople list, all 

 on the limestone, often near chalk beyond Tuzla, on the Southern 

 coast of the Ismid Constantinople peninsula, a warm, sheltered 

 region, dry and hilly, with a good deal of scrub-wood and well 

 sheltered from the Bosphorus draught. As in my last notes, I will 

 deal separately with my collecting on the European and Asiatic sides 

 of the Bosphorus. 



European Side. 



My first day, March 23rd, has already l)een mentioned ; I may add 

 that on that day I found that the Kiathane ground was uncomfortably 

 near a ritie mnge and that caution must be exercised in visiting it. I 

 worked it on April 30th and again twice in the first half of May, 

 finding P. seDiiannis rarer than in previous years, though 1 took one 

 magnificent large male of the form halcanica, or better balcanica- 

 intermcdia, differing from the former as described by Tutt in having 

 faint traces of the orange lunules on the underside of the hindwings. 

 " Skippers " were rare as they have been elsewhere near Constanti- 

 nople this year. Still I took a couple of fresh Hesperia malime, not a 

 common species at all near Constantinople, on May 4th, and as many 

 Reaper ia arriioricanus. Hesperia xidae was uncommon despite the 

 abundance of Fotentilla. 



After this date I confined myself to the Asiatic side till June, when 

 I paid a series of visits to the Belgrade Forest hoping to improve my 

 series of Hetoroptents iiwrpheiis, Lycaena avion, and Bithys qtiercus, and 

 to come across either Polipjonia l-albtnn or Kugojiia .xanthoinelas which 

 1 have always hoped to find near Constantinople. In this I was 

 disappointed as I was in my search for Eiivauessa antiopa larvae. I 

 found an excellent locality for lleteroptenis iiioi-p/ieus, between Yenikeui 

 and Therapia and near Therapia took a few fine Lycaena avion, but the 

 bad weather of June soon spoiled these two species. 



Lotreia alcipJivon var, meliboeiia was local, but the males were the 

 worse for wear by June 11th, the date of my first visit to Belgrade 

 Forest this year. The Argynnids were advanced, P)vyas paphia and 



