112 THE entomologist's RECORD. 



Pupfe have been kept at 65-78° F. for ten weeks in autumn and they 

 emerged no sooner than the rest of the family left in a cold room. 



14. EiDenjence has been repeatedly noted in January and February 

 when the thermometer in the cage stood at 33° F. In one instance 

 only a pupa forced its way half out of its cocoon five days before the 

 imago emerged. Normally dehiscence occurs inside the cocoon. In 

 cases where exit is impossible the 2 deposits ova in the cocoon. 



Emergence almost always occurs between 7 and 11 p.m. Growth 

 of wings occupies 15-20 minutes, and the moths are able to retain their 

 hold on vertical glass. 



15. Habits of iiiia/fiues. — During day very sluggish, resting with 

 the wings flat, with the upper hiding the lower, hiding in corners, and 

 if possible touching a leaf, label, or another moth. 



In the evening and during the night they rest with wings upright 

 over the back. 



Females can be handled with impunity, and lose condition but 

 little if allowed to live a week in cage or pill- box. 



16. Variation. — When freshlj- emerged some of the imagines are 

 surprisingly handsome. In the type form, variation extends from the 

 palest yellow, butt", orange, fawn, grey, golden brown, up to dark brown 

 with heavier markings. 



Within the melanic form variation occurs in the intensity, and 

 exact tint of the blackness, and m some cases a large central patch 

 of brown occurs on the forewings, and at times this is sharply defined 

 and quite light in colour. 



The melanic form is, however, quite sharply defined from the 

 darkest of the type forms by the fact that in every melanic the 

 abdomen and legs are black, and never is this so in the type. Thus 

 even cripples can be distinguished. The thoracic hairs in the melanic 

 are often lighter than in the type. 



A non-entomological eye can distinguish between the two forms in 

 almost every case ; and not one of all my specimens could be called 

 intermediate, thus difl'ering from A. betularia, S. lubricipeda, A. 

 nchulof^a, etc. 



Some specimens are scantily-scaled and these are often rather 

 handsome. 



Males are on the average slightly smaller and darker than the 

 corresponding females. This' applies to all forms and varieties. 



In a " Journal of Variation," I feel that more prominence should 

 be given to this part of the subject, and trust for an opportunity to 

 dilate on this when I see my specimens again. 



17. G!/)ia)i(lroiiior/)hi!iiii. — Only one specimen showed signs of this, 

 the left half being apparently (J , and the right half $ . I hope to 

 publish microscopical details later. 



18. Inbreeding was sustained well as shown in diagrams. 



19. Safiitation. — I am assured that the frequent sterilisation by 

 boiling of cages and boxes and sleeves was essential in this breeding 



