COLLECTING IN TURKKY, MAINLY NEAR CONSTANTINOPLE. 19 



when I might have taken Poh/oiiniiatiisiiielear/ey, which Mr. Muschamp 

 has received from the island. I paid my last visit to Prinkipo on 

 August 4th, when I found Eai'irardia telicanns not uncommon on 

 bramble blossom. The only Satyrids seen were many worn N. sijriaca 

 (henirio)ie) and one fresh ^ S. statilinm, unhappily torn. L. Camilla, 

 worn E. jurtina and the common Pierids were the only other things 

 noted, with Pi/ranieis cardiii. 



Most of my collecting on the Asiatic side was done at Gyok-su. 

 1 first visited this good spot this year, on March 28th, when I 

 added Tkais pohjxena var. casaandra to my Constantinople list. 

 The specimens from this locality were inclined to be small and 

 dark. They show from one to three crimson spots on the anterior 

 margin and between the apex and discoidal cell of the fore- 

 wings. The usual spring insects were coming out, and Callopkrys rnbi 

 was abundant. I took one Piens napi, never very common at 

 Constantinople in the spring brood, with Pontia daplidice g.v. bellidice, 

 some common things and a fresh I'aeniocaiirpa xdniosa. I saw ray 

 first Eiichloe cardaiiiiiies of the year. On subsequent visits to Gyok-su 

 in April I noted the following dates of emergence of spring butterflies : 

 April 7th, Papilio niachaon, Leptosia sinapis, Coliaa ediisa, Celastriiia 

 arcjiolus ; April 15th, Glaucupsyche cyllanis, one ^ ; when my collect- 

 ing was cut short by a heavy shower. April 18th, Iphididea podaliriiis, 

 Loiccia dorilis 5 s, Nitioniades taf/cs, Erymiis alceae Si,ndi Parar</e aegeria. 

 I saw a very worn ScoUtantide^ hatori on that date. A. anteros first 

 appeared on April 25th with M. cinxia and Eiididia ylyphica. On 

 April 29th I took a good specimen of Hesperia nialcae, which seems 

 rare near Constantinople, and a male of H. arnwricanus. E. carda- 

 viines was not at all uncommon in April and I took some very fine 

 specimens, one J , which was by way of exception worn, having traces 

 of (^ colour on the forewings. Thais pnlyxena var. cassandra occurred 

 in most localities, but usually singly. 



During the first fortnight in May I paid two visits to Erenkeui 

 and did some collecting on the bare downs there. I took worn 

 Anthocharis bella and fresh g.a. ansonia there on May 7th, and my 

 first Chrysophanus thersamon of the year with very fresh Aricia niedon 

 [aatrarche), P. icarus and M. cinxia, the last small in this locality. I 

 found (/. pauipJiilus out on that date. On May 11th I took Pararye 

 maera already the worse for wear, and saw the first Limenitis Camilla of 

 the season. On May 16th and 24th I collected at Gyok-su finding a 

 locality for Ueaperia sidae, and also taking a fair number of Polyom- 

 matiis ainaiida on the latter date, Polyonuiiatus semiarf/us of the 

 intenitedia form was rare and H. aniwricanns occurred sparingly here. 



On May i6th I found Melitaea trivia out in fair numbers and 

 perfect condition in one of its haunts at Gyok-su, and on that day took 

 the first M. didyuta of the year. This species was not as common as 

 usual in 1913. On May 30th I got in a couple of hours at Gyok-su 

 and took two Loweia alciphron var. iiieliboeiis $ s and a ^ Hesperia 

 malvae with the clubs of the antennas Indian red beneath. Dr. Chap- 

 man, who kindly examined the genitalia of this specimen, informs me 

 that it is certainly //. malcae. A', iiicis was just out with A. crataeyi, 

 but the recent rains had damaged many butterflies. On this day most 

 of the r. io larviB which I had taken during my preceding visits to 

 Gyok-su, pupated. They emerged between June 10th and 20th, as 



