PAPILIO PODALIRIUS, LINNE. 71 



Hie tain tiiulta hahet cum Protesilao coiivininia, nt Larva i)ia(jiH 

 innotescat, anteijuain vere dbtiwitiatur," 



And under Papilio [Kqiiite^ Ac/iivi) protesilaiis L. {I.e. 463 sp. 29) 

 Linne made the further note: 



" Similliiiins Podalirio Enroptr aiistralis tC- Afriar; an satis 

 diversus / " 



Dr. Verity argues that in 1758 Linne had no personal acquaint- 

 ance with the species he named pudalirius, and he declines to accredit 

 the species to Linne with the date 1758, because of " the lack of any 

 description "—but surely, when names are applied to figures and 

 references, it cannot be fairly argued that such species are nondescript 

 if the insect named can be recognised from the description and 

 figures cited. Dr. Verity fails to realise that when Linne cited " Raj. 

 ins. 111. n. 8 " he furnished a careful description, to which description, 

 and to the descriptions and figures by Roesel and Reaumur, he applied 

 the name Papilio podalirius, L. (1758). 



Ray's description [Hist. Ins. [Opus pnst/i.) Ill, sp. 3 (1710)] is as 

 follows : — 



"3. Vapilio alis ainplissinii.s, pallidiiis jlavicantibus, e.cterioribiis 

 areolis traiisvoKis ni/jris raiiis, interioribiis caiidatis, iiiaculd in i.iiu 

 cterided, Diiuuantiii tertia, Mouff. Hist. p. 99. 



Prope Libununii portum in I'ltrnria invenimus, atque etiam, ni 

 male memini, in An<jlia. A prima specie diflert, quod pallidius 

 flavicet, quod ala? exteriores tranversis lineis nigris pinguntur, quod 

 interiorum alarum ecphyses quam in ilia longiores sint, totaque 

 istarum extima lacinia glastiva, ut loquitur Muiiffctin." 



Ray furnishes us with the locality "Liburnum portum in Etruria" 

 for " nimotypical " purposes — probably Livorno (Leghorn) is indicated. 

 Roesel lived in Nuremberg, his specimens may be assumed to have 

 been Bavarian, and it is from this author that Linne deduced the 

 food-plant " Brassica." Roesel (Ins. Belustig., 1, Class II., Pap. Diurn., 

 9-14, Pi. 2, fig. 1-7) describes this species, "Die einsame Spilling-gelbe 

 Raupe, auf dem blauen Kohl, mit ihrer Verwandlung biss zum 

 Papilion. Tab. 11." and states that " Man trift sie insgemein auf dem 

 blauen Kohl an," etc. Reaumur's specimens [Mem. Hist. Ins.. 1, 

 271-2, 282, PI. 11, figs. 8-5 (1794)] were probably from the 

 neighbourhood of Paris. Dr. Verity says " Evidently Linnteus was 

 not personally acquainted with this insect in 1758," which is hardly 

 supported by the fact that when giving the distribution " Habitat in 

 Europse australis " Linne adds the further record " et Africie "■ — had 

 Dr. Verity accepted podalirius, L. (1758) he might have argued that 

 the inclusion of " et Africae " was an original observation, supported by 

 the evidence of the specimen extant in the Linnean collection — but he 

 is convinced that Linne was not personally acquainted with African 

 (or other) specimens in 1758. 



Poda [Ins. Mus. Graec, G2, sp. 2, PL 2, fig. 1 (1761)] describes 

 and figures podalirius under the name I'apiLio sinon, Poda, citing 

 Roesel's figure as belonging to the same species — his type was 

 probably from the neighbourhood of Griltz [ = Graecium] in 

 Styria. [N.B. — Podalirius, son of Aesculapius, was a celebrated 



