NOTES ON COLLECTING. 73 



5. The normal self-observed limits of species in nature among 

 young stocks must be worked out on the merits of each case by 

 the study of living material through all its stages with relation to its 

 environment. 



6. As a basis for this work all recognizable forms in young stocks 

 must be described, named, and regarded as tentative species, until 

 their status is finally determined. 



7. x\ll recognizable forms in young stocks demand a name and 

 final place in the taxonomic system down to race rank, and none 

 should be lost sight of by lumping of names. 



8. Isolated or aberrant transitionals need no distinctive name, but 

 as a matter of record they should be descriptivel}' differentiated from 

 that form which they most closely approach. 



9. It follows that the describing and naming of forms in young 

 stocks should be based on as large series as possible. — H.J.T. 



BoARMiA coNsoRTARiA. — In April 1912, I took a typical female of 

 Boarmia cuimortaria at Oxshott. In all probability it had paired with 

 a melanic male, ab. consohriiiaria, Bkh. I obtained ova and bred S3 

 imagines, 40 typical and 43 melanic. Of the typical specimens 21 

 were males, 19 females and of the melanic 18 were males, 25 females. 

 Nearly all emerged between 5 p.m. and midnight. Mr. Prout tells 

 me he has taken a worn melanic specimen at Oxshott, and Mr. King 

 took one there two years ago. It has evidently definitely established 

 itself in this locality. There is little doubt that it first appeared near 

 Maidstone, where Mr. Goodwin found it. It has been taken at 

 Chislehurst, which does not lie on the direct route from Maidstone to 

 Oxshott. It is greatly to be hoped that anyone, who has any data, 

 which might throw light on the question as to whether it has spread 

 to these new localities from Maidstone or whether it has arisen in them 

 denovo, will publish his information. — E. A. Cockayne (M.D., F.E.S.), 

 16, Cambridge Square, W. 



:^OTES ON COLLECTING, Etc. 



Further Aberrations of Lepidoptera. — In the Revue Mens. Soc. 

 Ent. Nautur., are descriptions of: — 



Papilio maehaon ab. stjiinuelanus, in which the forewings have the 

 two black costal spots practically coalesced and the cellular spot 

 extended. The nervures are more emphasised with black, with much 

 less yellow in the black outar marginal band. 



(Jolias hjale ab. mellaerUi ^ , in 'which the forewings are of a deep 

 citron-yellow and hindwings of a deep orange-yellow with large dis- 

 coidal spots. The fringes are of a deep carmine-red. The undersides 

 of the hindwings and of the apex of the forewings are of a deep 

 orange-yellow. 



Pijrameis utalanta ab. hi/ensis J , an underside aberration, in which 

 the apex of the forewings is largely yellow, browner towards the white 

 costal spot, the yellow external spot at end of the red band is larger 

 and paler ; in the lower wings the marginal area in the middle is also 

 pale yellow, and the disc is largely marbled with brownish-yellow. 



Loweia amp/iiihaiuis ab. dcrennei ? , in which the forewings above 

 have two well-marked fawn-coloured bands, the first marginal between 

 the margin and black points, the second the ordinary (antimarginal) 



