COLIAS EDUSA IN 1913. 81 



the Sierra-Nevada as also with dromus, H.S. In Vol. xx., of the 

 FAndes, p. 38, M. Oberthiir writes of droinns as follows : — 



" It is certainly the most beautiful and the most brilliant form of 

 Erebia tipidancs that has yet been observed." The Canigou race is 

 without doubt this form, as mentioned before {luc. cit.) it was very 

 plentiful and is quite a good local race. 



Erebia (lorge, Esp. — I found this flying with E. lefebvrei var. 

 pyrenaea and with Epijihron pyrenaica (the heavily spotted form) on 

 the " sea of stones," on the Barbet (North) side of Canigou. I did 

 not find it very comrnon, but contrary to the general rule as mentioned 

 by Oberthiir in the Etudes, several specimens had no ocelli at all in 

 the secondaries. 



It seems evident that the high-flying Erebiae find Canigou a good 

 place for the development of special forms, the reason being probably 

 that as the mountain is isolated and is so frequently cut off' from the 

 world below by an ocean of cloud, while it is in brilliant sunshine, that 

 the species have perhaps less opportunity than usual of being blown 

 into the deep intervening valleys, or vice versa, so that very little 

 intermingling can take place. 



Colias edusa in 1913. 



By C. W COLTHRUP. 



Once again have I had the pleasure of renewing my acquaintance 

 with Colias edusa in the field, and still I do not tire of seeing him. 

 Apart from being a decent insect, he is a sport, giving one a good run, 

 and if beaten, one respects him the more. I speak of Jiiiu, because the 

 female does not often travel so fast except with a strong wind or when 

 thoroughly scared, but it is more often to be found lazily sucking at a 

 flower of hawkweed, or busy ovipositing on clover, generally not far 

 from the field where it emerged, where one will probably walk it up. 

 It is a good plan to walk with the wind, as if a female is disturbed it 

 will Hy with it and be seen, whereas, if one is walking against the wind 

 it will often get up under one's feet and fly behind unobserved. 



On May 29th, 1913, when returning home from Hastings, I saw 

 from the railway carriage window three specimens of ('. edusa, flying 

 in a sheltered corner of the railway l)ank near Bexhill-on-Sea, which 

 gave promise of some good sport later in the year, and I was not 

 disappointed. 



I arrived at Eastborne on July 19th, but nothing was seen or heard 

 of C. edusa till August 2nd, when my friend Mr. E. P. Sharp heard of 

 two specimens being taken, and himself took two freshly emerged J s 

 on the same afternoon. 



On August 3rd Mr. Sharp, Commander Gwatkin -Williams and 

 myself took between us five 5 s and fourteen g s, some freshly emerged 

 others worn, so that the species had been on the wing some time 

 before we came across them. 



We were lucky in finding the field where they were emerging and 

 continued to take freshly emerged specimens up to the time I left on 

 August 24th. All the specimens we saw were feeding on a small 

 yellow flower, a hawkweed I believe, not on clover at all. This 

 probably accounts for Mr. Louis Meaden [antea, vol. xxv., p. 287) 

 finding them in a stubble field, where they were no doubt feeding on a 



