EREBIA MANTO VAR. GAVARNIENSIS. 159 



large nianto, and so found practically no difference. If this is so, it 

 follows that the neurational differences found by Mr. Warren between 

 Diaitto aud caecilia rather prove them to be the same species than 

 distinct. Mr. Warren's small nianto differ on the average from my 

 large )iianto precisely as they differ from caecilia, with which my large 

 vianto agree. The differences, therefore, that he detects would, if of 

 specific weight, divide Alpine utanto into two species, one co- specific 

 with caecilia from the Pyrenees. 



There appears to arise from this discussion one point of very 

 considerable interest, which it will no doubt require a good deal of 

 further investigation to elucidate and confirm. This is, that, so far 

 as concerns the neuration in Krebia iiianto and presumably in other 

 species, the range of variation in large specimens and races differs 

 from that in the smaller ones in such a way that certain deviations 

 from mean value are more frequent in larger specimens, others in the 

 smaller, so that it is even possible to assert, as Mr. Warren does, that 

 the differences between the large and small forms is of specific value. 



The difference in vertical range between the two forms is, so far as 

 we know, considerable. That of )naiito is great, but caecilia between 

 Cauterets and (iavarnie, has a range of about 1,500ft., and it must be 

 remembered that we do not know much of its actual range. As to the 

 restriction in each locality, we also know little of caecilia, the Cauterets 

 locality is of some area, and iiianto can also inhabit rather restricted 

 areas. 



As to their being distinct species, this is largely a matter of personal 

 equation. In many species, forms, much more distinct than these, 

 are held to be geographical varieties. I take these to be so also, the 

 difference between them suggest to me that they would prove to be 

 quite syngamic, if the matter could be put to the test. As the applica- 

 tion of such a test is highly improbable it remains as open to Mr. 

 Warren to take one view of the probable result, as for me to take the 

 other. 



As to names, my opinion can claim no weight, but I think that 

 caecilia and the names discussed by Mr. Kowland-Brown, )iiorio and 

 petrosiiK, are unsuitable as being applicable rather to aberrations than 

 to a racial variety, and if coustans, Eiffinger, fails on account of the 

 misapprehension under which it arose, though a name is a name no 

 matter how it came to be applied, then iiararniemis, Warren, is the 

 valid varietal name. 



Synonymic Notes on the Ruralidas. 



By G. T. BETHUNE-BAKER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S. 

 (Concluded from page 136.) 



This brings us to Staudinger's " omnibus " genus Ltjcaeiia, Fab., 

 in which great subdivision is imperatively necessary. Continuing for 

 convenience's sake the order of Staudinger's Catalof/, the first elimina- 

 tion that is necessary is the aif/iades group, and with them will go the 

 scbriis-iiii)nnniii section, but not seiiiiaiy/iis. These form the iireridae. 



Eceres, Hb., type (miiades. — I pla.ce in this genus all the argiadea 

 group including (for the present) the brown Eastern section com- 

 prising the fischeri and .cuthitf; allies, for which Tutt has proposed the 

 name ToiKjeia, type lischeri, and I must include Biwjlianiia, type 



