SYNONYMIC NOTES ON THE RURALID^. 



161 



j)sj/clie h/i/ilaiiiiis needs yet further investigation, and it is possible that 

 this grouping may require some modification when I have completed 

 my observations on all the species on both sides of the Atlantic ; at 

 present the differentiation of the genera is fine. 



Zizft'iia iyxiiiion, Hb. — I quite agree with Dr. Chapman's conclusions 

 on the hjsitunn group and would add that I'uirsandra must be added to 

 the Levant fauna, as I have it from Lower Egypt and from Algeria. 



The next species to be considered in Staudinger's CataUxi are 

 chrj/sopis and otDphisui, and as these belong to the section of which 

 Polyomniatiis icaritt^; Rott., is the type, it will be well to briefly review 

 that genus and the whole group. 



The type of Latreille's genus I'oh/oiiunatns was fixed by himself in 

 1804, as aryxs, i.e., icarus, Rott., and by way of confirmation was 

 again mentioned by the same author with a reference to Hiibner's 

 figures 292-294. This fixation should certainly be adhered to. 



Cyaniris, Dalman, was raised for air/ianits fsemiaryiis). This is 

 congeneric with icants ; Scudders' indication of aryioluK as the type is 

 therefore " ultra vires.'" 



Nonnades, Hb., had the type fixed by Scudder in 1875 as seiiiiaryns, 

 the name therefore falls before Cyaniria and Pulyomviatua. 



Ayriades, Hubner. — Tutt fixed the type {loc. cit.) as caridon, but 

 this was ultra rires in the face of Scudders' previous fixation of 

 orhitulus. 1 hare shown previously that Stephens' use is in no way a 

 restriction, and the same applies likewise to Kirby's use in 1858. The 

 name must fall to Plebeiua, but I mention it here as Tutt's citation 

 has caused it to be very generally used in England for the coridon and 

 dawon sections of the family, and in view of Scudder's action this is 

 not juFtified. 



Ayrodiaetux, Hb. — Scudder fixed the type in 1875 as damon, the 

 name therefore falls before Polyowtuatua. 



The question that has already been put to me by more than one 

 person is "why separate Plebeiua and Polyonuiiatus '" My reasons 

 are because the two sections form two very natural groups if 

 their pattern only is considered, but in addition to this their 

 male armature is recognisable at a glance, the tegumen is easily 

 separable, the aBda3agus is distinctly different, and the general form of the 

 clasps is so likewise, being very much more slender and longer, with a 

 deeply cleft non-dentate division of the apex in rolyinniuatus; in addition 

 to this the eyes of nearly all of them are hairy, a character I cannot 

 ignore as some of my friends would do, especially when it is a general 

 character, as it is here. There are a very few species with glabrous 

 eyes among them, but all their other characters are decidedly Polyom- 

 matine, these, I have put, therefore, here, as it is their more natural 

 position. They connect up Plebeiua with this genus. 



I place in the genus the whole of the icarus, coridon and daiuon 

 allies, seniiaryus and persephatta with their allies (apart, of course, from 

 the C'/(p/'(/o group), the ersclioffi section; donzelii does not belong to 

 these but belongs to the genus Plebeius. The anteros-candalus section 

 are best placed in Polyommatus, as also are aiiiandus, myrrha, iiieleayer, 

 amor, venus, and sarta. The loewii group should also be placed here, 

 likewise psylorita and eumedon. In the latter the alliance to icarus 

 is evident in the pattern and also in the genitalia generally, though 

 the fedoeagus is between Pleheius and Polyoiumatus. 



