180 THE entomologist's RECORD. 



The erect girdle is quite Strymonid {i.e., Ruraline) its clasps partake of an 

 admixture of the Euralinac and the Pleheiinae, whilst its deeply cleft 

 tegumen approaches the Plebeiid pattern, and it may also show some 

 approximation to the quite peculiar and reduced structure of that organ 

 in the Heodinae. In the pattern of its underside it may have some 

 affinities to the Pleheiinae already referred to, it has much more to 

 some exotic genera, but its colour is very close to that of the genus 

 Heodes to which I will now refer in the species pJdaeas, a species which 

 is found almost over half the world, extending right across Asia into 

 Japan and India, and going westward through the Madeiras over a 

 large part of North America. Its relation in colour is evident, though 

 the underside pattern differs from it considerably. This, however, in 

 the group of insects we are dealing with, is of great importance, both 

 from the phylogenetic and also from the taxonomic point of view. 

 The tegumen (PI. xvii., fig. 17), is very specialised, consisting as it does 

 of two lateral narrow lobes attached to each other merely by the girdle 

 and having no dorsal chitine beyond the narrowest collar, joining the 

 two sides of the girdle. Attached to these lobes are the usual falces, 

 but instead of being connected to the cheeks of the tegumen near the 

 front, they are attached right at the rear. The clasps are very broad, 

 expanding somewhat in the front with an evenly curved and sharply 

 serrated apex, though the serrations are very small. From the base 

 of each clasp in this series, a peculiar super-structure arises of a wedge- 

 shape that inclines forward over the clasp and reaches to near its 

 centre. This is peculiar to, and typical of, the genus Heades, though, 

 in other species, it assumes a very different form. The jedoeagus will 

 be seen to be somewhat bulbous at the base, but very rapidly tapering 

 to its tip, where it ends in a fine point. The tegumen, the tedcjeagus, 

 and the super-structure of the clasp are entirely peculiar to the 

 Heodinae. 



In Heodea tJieti/a (PI. xvii., fig. 18), the male armature assumes its 

 extreme form, and is in its general lines a very beautiful object. The 

 tegumen is not so bulky, nor are the falces ; the girdle is long and 

 elegantly curved ; the clasps also are more delicate in form, being of a 

 somewhat long pear-shape, the thick end forming the base, whilst the 

 apex is curved upwards and sharply serrated, forming a broad hooked 

 extremity. The super-structure assumes in this species its highest 

 development, and consists of two long, narrow, boldly and beautifully 

 curved arms terminating in a fine tip. The aidoeagus is equally 

 elegant in shape, having a somewhat elliptical base, the tubular three- 

 quarters gradually tapering into a fine point, and being curved and re- 

 curved at its tip. The colour of the insect is brilliant, spotless, 

 lustrous, reddish-copper, whilst the underside is the softest toned 

 design in the group, and is somewhat different to all its near allies. 

 In the same genus is a small section of purplish species, that from their 

 small size and colour look very different indeed, but their underside 

 markings show them to belong to the same genus as the others. The 

 little butterfly Heodes sarthus is found in the Eastern Turkestan, and 

 in the Pamir Mountains. The difference in colour and pattern speaks 

 for itself. We find, however, some change in the male armature (PI. 

 xvii., fig. 19). The tegumen (an important character from a taxonomic 

 point of view) is quite similar in general structure to all its allies, as 

 also is the tedceagus, though in this a modification in shape is to be 



