CURRENT NOTES. 207 



chair. Substantially supported as this Society is by a large annual 

 government grant, a considerable section of the Report is necessarily 

 taken up with details of the year's economic work, Insects of the Year 

 with special reference to Attacks on Field Crops, Fruit Trees, Forest 

 Trees, Greenhouse and Garden Plants, from the various areas over which> 

 the observations and experiments of the members are spread. The 

 following papers are included. In the " Presidential Address," given 

 by the Hev. Prof. C. J. T. Bethune, is a most interesting account of the 

 origin and early days of the Society with a photograph of the members 

 who attended a field meeting in July, 1868. The Rev. W. Fyles gives 

 in "Green Lanes and Bvways," a charming account of impressions of 

 his youthful years in England long ago, and contrasts them with 

 " Canadian Lanes," which, in a different way, have their distinctive 

 charms for the lover of nature. A very long paper by Alex. Mac 

 Gillivray on the " Immature Stages of the Tenthredinoidea," deals with 

 the subject in much technical detail. E. P. Pelt treats on " Adap- 

 tation m the Gall Midges" and gives a number of figures of the 

 marvellously intricate structures attached to the antennae of these 

 insects. F. J. A; i\Iorris in a very chatty paper gives an account of the 

 " Chrysomelians of Ontario," with abundance of notes on the life habits 

 of the species ordinarily met with in that area. F. M. Webster in 

 his paper " Applied Entomology for Farmers" urges upon them with 

 many practical facts the necessity of availing themselves of the services 

 and results of practical economic entomology. Dr. A. Cosens gives an 

 account of " Insect Galls " with numerous figures, and Prof. W. M. 

 Wheeler gives an abstract of his paper on " Ants." We note that the 

 illustrations in this present report are practically all new and not the 

 old ones that have appeared so often before. 



One scarcely ever takes up hooks or reports on economic entomology 

 from the continent of North America without finding more or less space 

 devoted to the San Jose Scale, AsjiiiliotiiH peniiciositK. From L. Ctesar, 

 of Guelph, Ontario, we have received an illustrated pamphlet of 32 

 pages, devoted to an account of this terrible pest to all fruit trees, and 

 also of another equally dreaded pest, Lepidosoij/iefi idnii, the Oyster- 

 shell Scale. The former insect originally came from China, and was 

 unwittingly introduced into California in 1870. By 1894 it had so 

 enormously increased and spread as to be present over almost the whole 

 of the United States, and to be found even in Canada. Wherever 

 orchard trees will grow this pest will probably flourish. All parts of a 

 tree are subject to attack, and young trees may be killed in two years, 

 and in a somewhat longer period whole orchards may be totally 

 destroyed. The best controls are thorough spraying with lime-sulphur, 

 the pruning of old, dead, and badly infested branches, and the cleaning 

 and scraping of rough bark. Nurseries are supposed to have aft'orded 

 ready means of distribution in the past and are now under official 

 inspectors, with power to break and burn all infested trees, and all 

 stock sold has to undergo fumigation with hydrocyanic acid before 

 being sent out. Unlike the San Jose Scale, the Oyster-shell Scale 

 attacks only the trunks and branches, but does not confine itself to 

 orchard trees alone, for it infests more or less most trees and shrubs. 

 It readily succumbs to the same controls as the last species. The 

 author says the insistent and thorough use of these controls and 



