LEPIDOPTERA IN SOUTHERN FllANCE, I'Jli. 219 



what are and what are not to be considered " type " specimens ; a con- 

 vention which disposes, even more effectually than Mr. Bethune- 

 Baker's arii:ument [aujira, p. 205), both of his wish to accept Linneus' 

 specimens as types, and of his objection to regarding any figures in 

 illustrations as such. With regard to the latter point, indeed, Dr. 

 Verity has already given way in the case of podoliiiiis, and his implied 

 argument that each case must be taken on its own merits is of course 

 one which will meet with general approbation. I may observe in 

 passing, that no one has more emphaticall)' accused Linneus of blunder- 

 ing than Dr. Verity himself has done in the very passage (p. 171) in 

 which he makes his admission with regard to pmlalirius : but surely 

 no student of Linneus, unless completely blinded by partisanship 

 or hero-worship, would ever seriously think of looking to him for 

 detailed accuracy or for absence of self-contradiction ; the marvel is, 

 considering the immensity of his self-imposed task, not that he was 

 sometimes inaccurate and inconsistent, but that he was not much more 

 frequently so than is actually the case. 



With regard to the particular cases under discussion, I am (regret- 

 fully) compelled to give way on the question of ci/dippe as against 

 adipjii', (but not as against niobe), not on the grounds alleged by Dr. 

 Verity (p. 171) which involve his original petitio principii with regard 

 to types, but solely on the question of dates, about which I was myself 

 not wholly satisfied when I wrote my original criticism, but in which 

 I had followed Di. Jordan's treatment of cydippe as a " nomen praeoccupa- 

 tum," without, I admit, going as closely into the matter at fiist hand 

 as I ought to have done. With regard to the other points I could still 

 only repeat what I have previously written, which would be a sheer 

 waste of time and paper ; for if the arguments I previously used, and 

 in which I can still find no flaw, failed to convince Dr. Verity tlien, 

 they would equally fail now. I must however repeat that those 

 arguments were based not only on the evidence of books, but on a 

 careful re-examination of the specimens in the Linnean collection, 

 carried on with Dr. Verity's original paper beside me for constant 

 reference. It will of course be seen that there is no possibility of 

 agreement between us, so long as the fundamental difference remains 

 that I accept (with intense personal dislike) the received convention 

 with regard to " types^" and that Dr. Verity does not. 



Lepidoptera in Southern France, 1914. 



By E. B. ASHBY, F.E.S. 



Dauphiny and Basses Alpes. — Leaving London on July IGth, I 

 spent the afternoon of the following day, after a wet morning, in the 

 Forest of Fontainebleau. There was very little on the move except 

 Miianari/ia galatliea and some very fresh Drt/ax papJiia, with one or 

 two pDhpionia c-albniii. Travelling on through the night I passed the 

 beautiful Lac du Bourget early in the next morning, and arrived at 

 Grenoble via Chambery about 9.30 a.m. From here 1 walked out some 

 miles on to the hill-sides and was able to do a little collecting. The 

 day was, however, very windy, so that my success was only moderate, 

 and I got nothing very notable. Travelling on I reached Clelles-Mens 

 in the late afternoon and put up at the Hotel Ferat, which I found 



