280 



THE ENTOMOLOGIST S llECORD. 



sent us with the copy of the book "two mounts (unnamed), one of 

 Noctnidac and one of (ieotiielriilac, selected from a number of duplicate 

 slides, in order that we may have an opportunity of identifying the 

 species with the drawings and descriptions," together with a marked 

 "solution " to refer to after determination. 



In studying a subject which has been elaborated in considerable 

 detail, and with which one is not already intimately acquainted, it is 

 necessary to start with a certain amount of definite understanding as 

 to the values of the terminological words, and the author rightly 

 devotes a chapter to this matter. In his former work he used the 

 following set of names for the various parts : — 



Male. 

 The Tegumen. 



1 The Uncus. 



2 The Vinculum. 



3 The Peniculus. 



4 The Harpes. 



a. Cncullus (uppei). 



(1) Margin. 



(2) Corona. 



('^) Marginal spines. 



(4) Anal angle. 



(5) Anal spine. 



(6) PoUex. 



(7) Digitus. 



6. Sacculus (lower). 



(1) Extension. 



(2) CJavus. 



c. (centre). 



(1) Ciasper. 



(2) Ampulla. 



(3) Editum. 



B. Anus. 



1 Scaphium (only in Noctuidae). 



2 Subscaphium. 



C. The Penis. 



1 Juxta. 



2 jEdceagus. 



3 Vesica. 



4 Cornuti. 



Female. 



A. Lodix. 



B. Genital Plate. 



C. Ovipositor. 



The relative position and generalised shape and appearance of all 

 these parts were more or less indicated in a figure of the male arma- 

 ture (Noctuid) and two plates of varied developments of parts were 

 added. It would have been well to have included similar plates in the 

 pre'^ent volume, as, to an average student taking the Noctuid structures 

 and terminology as a basis, there is some difficulty in satisfactorily 

 understanding the Geometrid structures without a very considerable 

 amount of special work, the time and opportunities for which are 

 often not available to him. 



It must be borne in mind, that in the former work the various 

 parts of the male genitalia were lumped together in the ninth seg- 

 ment, that the penis was only dealt with in a general way, and not 

 figured, and that the female organs were omitted altogether. 



In the present work the various ancillary structures are classified 

 much more elaborately. First they are separated into External Parts 

 and Internal Parts. Those of the former have been allocated to the 

 various segments from which they have supposed to have arisen by 

 the devious modifications, developments and migrations, which have 

 so obscured their origin and phylogeny. One does not like the terms 

 External or Internal. Are not all the parts internal in position of 

 origin ? Do they not all more or less become external at emergence 

 from the pupa ? It would have been preferable to use Secondary and 

 Primary. The term Secondarj^ for all those parts which have 

 doubtless originated from the outer cylindrical body-tube, and the 

 Uvu\ Primary for those parts which have doubtless been derived from 

 the inner (intestinal) cylindrica,! body-tube, the approximation and 

 welding together of which have formed the extremely complex organ 



