SOME BUTTERFLIES OF THE BLACK FOREST AND RHINE PLAIN. 91 



gation, already detected it in Kpliijipiplwra foeneella and Paedisca 

 solandriana, out of tiie four species which I have so far mounted. It 

 IS, of course, useless to search for evidence with bred or unpaired 

 specimens, hence the difficulty I have found in getting a mount of the 

 female of Perldea tirpida to compare with Dr. Chapman's. It was 

 j\Ir. Pierce who called my attention to the stellate cornuti in the latter 

 species. I passed the information on to Dr. Chapman. I may add 

 that 1 have found males of one and the same species with the whole 

 complement of cornuti, proved by the absence of " scars," and also 

 with the whole of the "cornuti " disposed of. 



Some Butterflies of the Black Forest and Rhine Plain. 



By B. C. S. WAKREN, F.E.S. 



It is strange how few notes or records of entomological excursions 

 in the above localities are published. During the five years of my 

 collecting there, I only met one English entomologist. For such an 

 easily got-at place, so close to Switzerland, where every year the number 

 of English entomologists is steadily increasing, this is most surprising. 

 Perhaps it is partly due to the thought, as Mr. G. L. Keynes says in 

 his article on this locahty {Ivnt. Uec, vol. xix., p. 88), that " The Black 

 Forest is composed almost entirely of beech trees and gloomy pines, 

 Avhich have little attraction for butterflies." This is hardly correct, 

 for, even in clearings in the depth of the forest, butterflies are often 

 common, and, at higher altitudes, on the upland moors and grassy 

 hillsides they often abound, in as great numbers, and as large a variety 

 of species, as in many of the more celebrated localities of Switzerland. 

 In Mr. Keynes' case, it may partly be accounted for by the fact that, 

 as he says in the end of his article, he " never went more than ten 

 miles from Lahr." Freiburg, where I was living, is an ideal centre for 

 an entomologist, situated as it is on the spot where the sun-baked 

 Rhine plain joins the pine-clad slopes of the Black Forest. The prin- 

 cipal localities round Freiburg are : to the west, Alt-Breisach, on the 

 banks of the Rhine ; a small hill-district of volcanic origin known as 

 the Kaiserstuhl ; and a wooded-district between the Kaiserstuhl and 

 Freiburg called the Moos Wald. To the south-east, through the 

 Hollental, one gets to Hinterzarten, a little village 2900 feet up, on 

 the edge of a turf moor and bog (one of the most interesting spots 

 imaginable for entomologists) and two miles further to the lake of 

 Titisee, from which the Biirental stretches up to the lower slopes of 

 the Feldberg, the highest mountain in the Black Forest. 



The following are the most interesting species found in this 

 district : — T/u/melicus acteon : Rare at Alt-Breisach. Ci/clopides palae- 

 iiion, from May 10th, at the Moos Wald, also on the Kaiserstuhl, but 

 scarcer there. Heodes viri/anreae: This species is found at Hinterzarten, 

 and may be had for a few miles down the Hollental, but is never very 

 common. Chrysophanus dispar var. ri(tiliis : I have taken one specimen, 

 a 5 , at Wasenweiler, a little village 4^^ miles from the Rhine, but have 

 never met with it on the banks of the Rhine, though formerly local col- 

 lectors recorded it from Alt-Breisach. It is always very scarce. C. 

 liippatlin,', is common by June 15th, at Hinterzarten, though the ? s 

 are often still to be had in the middle of July. Loueia dorilia is com- 

 mon throughout the whole district from May to September. Lycaena 



