OBSERVATIONS ON THE HYBERNATION OF GONEPTERYX RHAMNI. 103 



/i/iir.ii, martini, >iii'lfa;i('r, psi/lnrita, sorta, roiiix, and especially icariis, 

 •with its many forms ariona, pcmica, icadiiis, etc., and one ov two other 

 forms whose names I have not ascertained — nitilns and /njrcona 

 appear to belong here rather than to I'lebeius. 



I'lebeiuR has onjitfi, ar;ii/}'o;/)ii)iii()U, zep/ii/nis, i-lcohia, p/icrcs, acwnu, 

 inelisfta, perNep/iatta, aster (?), pylann, ercrsnianni, loireii. 



To Aririo I find no species unquestionably to belong except 

 asfrarc/ic, eiiincchDi, iilas and ilomelii, but imiirica, In/acinthiix, fulla, 

 and auteros, may do so, or may require a separate division or divisions. 

 To Varciniina belong, as Avell as optiletc, ferf/ana and tor/toKta. As 

 already noted, this is near to Ci/anirin, which has smmarijus, and 

 to Lati<iri)ia, with nrhitidns and fn/rowica, and Alhidina with plieretea. 

 I much question whether these four groups are not congeneric. 



I know little of the American forms, but of these some, such as 

 isfl/iJithabiia, are very remarkable in structure. 



It may be noted that in some species the indications are not so 

 crisp and decided as I appear to represent them, and that, for example, 

 in I'lebeius and Aricia I have chosen the most marked examples at 

 hand. Further, I have worked with the actual specimens, prima facie 

 the correct way, but really more liable to error by inadvertence and 

 confusion than by photographs, with the specimens to refer to in cases 

 of doubt or difficulty only. 



Explanation of Plate V. 



Pi.EBEiiDi. — Camera outlines of the /Edceagus. — The transverse lines mark 

 the " zone " or point at which the ipdreagus passes through and takes attachment 

 to the rioor of the cavity. 



1. Pleheiux argyrognomon, nearly lateral view. 



2. Afiriddes tlieti-t, it is not usual for the " bulb " to have such a neck above, 



it usually declines gradually into the terminal portion, dorsal view. 

 n. rolyommatuA icarus, dorsal view. 

 4. Aricin astrarche, dorsal view. 

 ■5. Vacciniina optilete, dorsal view. 

 0. Cyaniris semiaryus, lateral view. 

 7. AVmlinn pheretes. semilateral view. 

 s. Latiorina orhituliis, dorsal view. Viewed in the same aspect, the hooked 



process is very similar in the three last species. 



Observations on the Hybernation of Gonepteryx rhamni. 



By .J. F. BIRD. 

 ]\lost of the hybernating butterflies, such as Kn'ionia pidijvhloma, 

 Aijlais iirticae, ]'aiu'ssa in, etc., seek their winter-quarters, when the 

 weather is still warm, in hollow trees, wood-stacks, lofts, sheds, and, 

 A. nrticae especially, in the attics and dark corners in dwelling-houses, 

 and there remain until spring, safely protected from the perils of frost, 

 snow, and winter storms. But (ronepteri/.r rhamni is evidently a less 

 delicate species that requires no particular shelter, and probably passes 

 through the winter clinging to a plant it sought only for its night's 

 rest at the end of a tine day in autinnn, but it happening that the 

 subse(]uent days were cold, or else a spell of bad weather arriving, it 

 just remained where it was until induced to fly once more on some 

 sunny day in early spring. Twice have I found hybernating specimens 

 of this butterfly, and both times remarked that they were in positions 

 sheltered on the north and east from the bitterly cold winds which 

 blow from those two quarters of the compass. Have other observers 



