156 THE entomologist's kecord. 



J s in a nest in the same neighbourhood. I have most of these 

 abnormal $ s in my collection. 



11. Peculiarities re swarming. — It seems that it occasionally 

 happens that all the winged 5 sdonotalwaysleavethe nest when swarm- 

 ing, as some are found in nests long after the usual time for swarming. 

 On September 14th, 1908, I found a large number of L. fttWimosus 

 ^ s and winged 5 s on a bank close to their nest. There were no c?" s 

 among them. This species usually swarms at the end of May or 

 beginning of June. On October 13th, 1909, there were numerous ^ s 

 in a nest of L. Jiavus, and they certainly never left the nest before the 

 cold weather began. From observations on nests kept in captivity, it 

 seems possible that under such conditions there is an analogous 

 proceeding to the killing of drones by worker bees. In all the following 

 cases the ants were allowed to wander over a large table, so that the 

 <y s and 2 s were not prevented from flying off. In August, 1896, 

 the 5^ s of a nest of L. ni(/er that had just accepted a new queen, killed a 

 solitary winged 2 that had been in the nest for some time. On 

 August 6th, 1897, ten winged ? s in a nest of L. //ai-w.s that had just 

 received a new queen, were killed, their wings having been previously 

 removed. By August 26th, 1898, twenty-eight winged $ s and four 

 (? s that had hatched in a nest of 7v. ni;/er with a queen, were all killed 

 and the wingless bodies thrown out of the nest. On August 26th, 

 1895, in a nest of L. niiier containing a queen, one winged $ and six 

 (? s were killed ; and two winged $ s and one J in another nest of L. 

 ni(ier in August, 1896, were killed. In this last case, some days before 

 they were killed, the $ s had become very excited, had removed their 

 wings, and begun to carry pupas about the nest. In another nest of 

 L. niijer the young $ s and ^ s had been gradually destroyed, the last 

 pair being killed on August ii9th, 1898. On September 17th, 1908, 

 three $ s that had hatched in a nest of L. nuier (that had just received 

 a new queen) were stripped of their wings and killed. Lastly, in 

 October, 1909, a solitary J that had come to maturity in a nest of 

 M. laevinodis, was killed, having first lost her wings. 



The Lepidoptera of the Tirol — The Sarnthal. 



By J. W. TUTT, F.E.8. 



Surely enough, as we surmounted the Brenner Pass on the morning 

 of August 5th, the clouds broke, and by the time we had reached 

 Botzen we found it fine, almost brilliant, the sun shining, and, as a 

 good baking was nothing more than we then desired, we walked up 

 into the Eggenthal, but the entrance to this lovely valley in the 

 porphyry mountains is narrow, and the afternoon being largely spent, 

 little was to be done there, and we believe that I'arnassiiis apolln, 

 Dryas pap/da, Ar(/ynnis adippe, Jirenthi^i daphne, Coenonywpha arcania, 

 Paran/e tneyaera, Leptosia fiinapis, Hipparchia lieruiione, Libythea celtis, 

 and Anthrocera ephiaUea, of lovely steel-blue colour and white spots, 

 were all the species observed. 



The next morning was bright, hot and sunny, and so we made for 

 the Sarnthal, and certainly August 6th and 7th were a real pleasure, 

 yet we only explored a short distance up the valley, only knocked as 

 it were at the door of the promised land. How the sun did pour 

 down into that valley, how the heat was reflected from the steep 



