LEPIDOPTERA OF THE TIROL. 161 



Pierin napi, P. rapae, P. brassicae, LepUma unapis, Brenthis aniathimia, 

 Melitaea didyina, M. at/ialia, Af/n'ailes coridon, Polyoiiniiatus imriis, 

 Aritia astro) che, L'l/aiiirix sennarf/Ks, Arf/i/nitis adippe, A. niobe, A.ai/laia, 

 Dri/as papliia, Hesperia alvens, i'rhicola cuninia, Adopaca liueola, A. /iai:a, 

 KliKjia spini, etc., were all quite abundant among the houses, and doubtless 

 many more that we do not remember, e.<i., I'aniasaiKs apollo was in 

 numbers, and Pa/dUn tnachaun, Goncpteri/.v r/uniuii were observed as 

 soon as we left the train, etc. The three usually common Anthrocerid 

 species — Anthrocera achillcae, A. transalpina, and A. luniverae — were in 

 great abundance, and we found Krebia nerine on the Fondo road, 

 within 200 yards of the hotels. Having, as it were, quite settled in 

 our own mind that the butterflies that used to occur here were as 

 abundant as ever, we turned back, intending to walk the whole 

 distance from the Mendel Pass to Botzen by the well-known zigzags, 

 the " serpents of the Mendelstrasse." 



It was noon before we had returned to the station, and the distance 

 from Mendel to Botzen is little short of 17 miles, so if we were to 

 collect on the road back there was but little time to lose. From the 

 summit of the Pass, about 4600ft. elevation, one of the most glorious 

 views away across the Adige valley unfolds itself. Due east the lovely 

 pinnacles of the Dolomites stand out in splendid array — the Schlern, 

 the Rosengarten, the Latemar, Schwarzhorn, etc. — but one dreams of 

 the amphitheatre of peaks from the summit of the Penegal, to which 

 one must climb if one really wants to see the surrounding mountains 

 in their glory. Krebia nerine was found abundantly even close to the 

 summit, the ^ s often hidden away in the crannies of the hot rocks, 

 or on the saxifrage flowers, whence the 2 s were usually to be dislodged. 

 Two fine ^ examples of the dark form in which the fulvous band on 

 the forewings is all but obsolete, and on which the little white centres 

 of the ocelli stand out contrastingly against the black, were taken; 

 this extreme form, remin,di ng one a little of the eastern uwlas, we first 

 took at Cortina, in 1895, when we named it, if we recollect rightly, 

 ab. obsrura : it is a most striking form. The species up here was in 

 fine condition, much better than 1000ft. lower down, where one leaves 

 them as one parts with the rocks and enters the woods " through 

 which the serpents " curve their way. From the rocks, too, Basydia 

 obfiiscata was in great force, both large and abundant. The Parnassius 

 apollo of the slopes is a fine large race, and all four of the usually- 

 common large fritillaries — Dryas paphia, Aryynnis aglaia, A. adippe, 

 and A. niobe — are very common. A few hundred feet below the summit 

 we came across a sight that does good to the eyes of a naturalist 

 — a large lime-tree in full bloom shed its luscious fragrance around. 

 To the nectar were attracted not only large numbers of flies 

 and bees, but crowds of butterflies and " burnet " moths. The 

 two most abundant butterflies were Dryan paphia and Aryynnis 

 adippe, which sailed round the trees, settling now on the leaves, 

 then on the blossom, with wings outspread. To these Pyranieis 

 atalanta added its graceful beauty, and a sudden smaller species with 

 somewhat bustling flight told of Libytliea relti.s. It stood a moment, 

 then darted ofi' rapidly and returned again, whilst swarms of 

 Erebia enryale continuously fluttered up and down to the feast ; 

 it would have been possible to have stood on the path on a level with 

 about the centre of the tree, and swept off almost every visitor. We 

 saw no other lime-tree in blossom, and hence this, no doubt, was 



